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So, electron promotion does not happen in terms of nitrogen, because it would not increased our number of unpaired electrons.
这里对于氮原子不会有电子激发，因为这不会增加,未配对电子的数目。
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So in oxygen we have a similar situation where, in fact, we are not going to promote any of the electrons because we have two lone pair electrons no matter what we do.
在氧中，情况很类似，我们不能激发电子,因为无论如何我们都有两个孤对电子。
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It is glowing because electrons are excited.
是因为电子处于激发状态。
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No matter what we do in terms of promotion, we're always going to have three unpaired electrons.
不管我们怎么激发，我们总有3个未配对的电子。
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One individual particle is being absorbed by the metal and exciting an electron.
一个单个的粒子被金属吸收,同时激发出一个电子。
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We're going to release a lot of energy for bonding, it's going to more than make up for the fact that we actually had to spend some energy to promote that electron.
在成键时，会释放大量能量,这比补偿激发电子,的能量要多。
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putting all those things together, if you looked at this question again we'd get 100% on it, 0 9 that our only option here is 0. 9, and that it's not the negative, it's the positive version, because we're talking about how much energy we have to put into the system in order to eject an electron.
把这些放在一起，你们再看一下题目,大家100%都能选对，我们唯一的选择就是这个，它不是负数，它是正的，因为我们说的，是要,把电子激发出来,需要提供的能量。
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So if we're going to eject an electron using a minimum amount of energy, that's where it's going to come from.
因此，如果我们要用最少的能量,激发出一个电子，那这个电子一定是，2，p，轨道上的。
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And we can think about here we did get that energy for electron promotion that I mentioned before 2p where we moved the electron from the 2 s to the 2 p.
我们可以考虑,我们从哪里,获得了能量使电子,从2s激发到。
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Well, we can't guarantee with UV light we'll have enough energy to eject every single electron, so that's why when we use x-rays, they're higher energy, you can pretty much be guaranteed we're going to eject all of those electrons there.
好，我们不能保证紫外光有足够的能量,激发出每一个电子，所以我们要使用，X，射线，它的能量更高，你可以非常确定,我们可以激发出其中所有的电子。
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Would you expect to see electron promotion in nitrogen where we pull one of these 2 s electrons into one of the 2 p orbitals?
你们觉得会看到电子激发吗？,1个2s电子,跑到2p轨道里？
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So if we take our carbon atom here, which has two electrons in the 2 s orbital, and we promote one of these electrons into a 2 p orbital, what we see now is that yes, we do, we have four unpaired electrons.
这是碳原子，2s轨道里有两个电子，我们把一个电子激发到2p轨道里，我们看到现在，是的，我们有4个未配对电子。
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So, for example, we could talk about the n equals 2 state, so that's this state here, and it's also what we could call the first excited state. So we have the ground state, and if we excite an electron into the next closest state, we're at the first excited state, or the n equals 2 state.
例如，我们可以考虑n等于2的状态，它在这里，它也被称作是第一激发态,我们有基态，如果我们把一个电子,激发到它最近邻的态,那就是第一激发态，或者n等于2的态。
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