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Now for this experiment, this is a constant enthalpy experiment for the Joule-Thomson experiment, this is equal to zero.
对于这个实验，焦耳-汤姆逊实验,是一个焓不变的实验,焓变化等于0，所以我可以。
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In addition to many lectures, we have the working groups pleased to do both experiments and to do problem-solving exercises.
我们不仅有讲座，还有不同的小组,他们将做实验,和解决问题的练习。
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And so, Rutherford had a fellow working in his lab by the name of Geiger. And, Geiger invented a detector.
卢瑟福的一个实验同事,叫做盖革，他发明了一种探测器。
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Now let's think about designing the experiment itself. The goal here, there are two goals. Or more than two.
那么现在让我们来想想,怎么设计实验本身吧，这里有两个目标，或者多于两个目标。
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What's particularly interesting is you get this effect easily with undergraduates but you also get it with four-year-olds and with monkeys.
但这个实验有一个很有趣的地方,在本科生中做这个实验，很容易就得出这个结果,而在四岁小孩和猴子中，同样能得到这个结果。
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Now, people are studying obese subjects because there're weight loss programs, like the one we had, and the subjects are available.
现在人们开始以肥胖者为实验对象,因为有许多减肥的项目,肥胖的实验对象是较容易找到的
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I won't talk about their experiments, but I just want to mention one by a Harvard psychologist Ellen Langer.
我不想详述他们的实验,但我想谈谈,由哈佛大学心理学家爱伦·兰格做的实验
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But the state of nature, for him, is rather a kind of thought experiment after the manner of experimental science.
但是对他来说，自然状态，是一种思想的实验,这是在科学实验之后。
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When they do the big collider experiments in Geneva or Fermilab, collaborations can run into hundreds.
当他们在日内瓦或费米实验室,做粒子对撞的实验时,工作小组能有几百人
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So if you spend your life in lab, that may be the first nugget.
所以你经常在实验室，就把实验室的联系方式写最上面。
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People have done experiments through the ages, and they've accumulated the knowledge from these experiments, and they've synthesized these experiments into a few basic empirical rules, empirical laws, which are the laws of thermodynamics.
很长的时期内，人们做了大量的实验，从这些实验中积累知识,将这些实验总结成一些基本的经验法则和定律，这就是热力学的定律,然后，人们给这些定律添加，数学架构。
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If you know it' s going to work, it's not an experiment.
如果在做实验时,你已经知道这个成分会起作用，那这就不是一个真正意义上的实验了。
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Because of that you can do the following experiment, and it's a simple experiment, it's simple to understand, but the concept is very important so I encourage you to think about it and make sure you understand it.
我们可以做一个实验,这是一个非常简单容易理解的实验,但是这个实验验证的概念非常重要,我希望你们能够仔细思考,并且能够掌握
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We need to come up with an experiment in which the electron is going to be forced to behave as a wave.
我们得想出个实验,在这个实验中电子必须,要表现得像波一样。
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In fact, you'll find the probability of this happening 3% is only about 3 percent, of it happening just by accident.
实际上你会发现,出现这种情况的概率是，所以说他们的实验结果完全是偶然的。
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Here we give many lecture material until late they do the lab and then we come back and discuss the results.
在这里我们直到他们做实验时,才会发各种讲座材料,然后我们回到讲座,讨论实验结果。
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He was a professor of physics at Cambridge University, and he was also the director of the Cavendish Laboratory.
他是剑桥的一名物理教授，他还是,卡文迪许实验室的主任。
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It's also--another example, which is relevant, I don't know if any of you voted yesterday.
还有另一个实验,一个相关的实验,昨天有人投过票了吗
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Some more serious critiques of Milgram: Milgram's experiment is why we have human-subjects committees.
以下是对米尔格林姆实验的一些评论：,米尔格林姆的实验正是我们成立人类实验对象委员会的原因。
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For those of you don't know what that is it's simply an instrument that counts radioactive particles in the air, and MIT now that you're at MIT, you'll all have a chance to see one first hand if you're ever in any of the labs, especially in the chemistry or bio labs.
不知道它是什么,它就是一个简单的,计算在空气中放射粒子数目的仪器,你们现在来了，如果你们在实验室里工作的话,尤其是化学和生物实验室，你们有很多机会亲手用到它。
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We use a liquid helium. And so in order to make a liquid helium, you can't take helium at room temperature and do this, because if you did, you would just heat it up, because the room temperature is above the inversion temperature, so Joule-Thomson would heat up the helium.
为了得到液氦,不能再常温,做这个实验,否则就是加热氦气，因为室温高于它的转变温度,所以焦耳-汤姆孙，实验会加热氦气。
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I've got here lots of flyers given to me by the director of the laboratories which will tell you which lab is the right lab for you, and they're offered many times a week. Yes?
我这里有不少小手册,实验室负责人给我的,它能告诉你该去哪个实验室,实验室在一周中很多个时间段是开放的,你说
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This study is very interesting because what it did was take nurses, a cohort of a hundred thousand nurses -my wife is actually--just happens to be one of the subjects in this study because she's a nurse.
这项研究很有趣,它将十万名护士作为实验对象,我的太太恰好也是其中一名实验对象,她也是一名护士
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This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.
这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体
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So, he was the director of the laboratory, and Cavendish made a fortune in the 1700s, and willed it to Cambridge.
而他是实验室的负责人，卡文迪许在18世纪留下一笔财富，捐给给剑桥。
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And so this is not like a math problem set or a physics problem set. Or, like a high school physics lab, where we all know what the answer should be, and you could fake your lab results anyway.
或是物理问题集合,又或者是高中的物理实验室，我们对这些问题都有确切的答案，或者你可以把你的实验结果改成正确的，有些事情是不能明确界定的。
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The way we use technology to overcome that is we have a lot of simulations and visualizations set up, built around in the virtual spaces.
我们用技术来解决这个问题的方法,是我们用很多模拟实验,以及直观化实验，放在模拟空间里。
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So, this will remind you that physics is, after all,an experimental science and you will be able to see where all the laws of physics come from.
因此,实验能提醒你,物理毕竟是一种实验科学,这样你就能明白所有的物理定律是从何而来的
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There's a lecture I've given several times at hospitals, to doctors, on doing diagnosis of complex multi illnesses. And I go through it and almost the same kind of stuff I'm going to talk to you about, about debugging.
一个实验室内的实验，为什么实验不对呢？,我也在医院给医生关于,诊断复杂的多种疾病做过很多讲座,我想了想，那和我给你们讲的,关于调试其实都是一回事。
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