-
We know now that it's caused by a related virus, called vaccinia, remember the virus that causes smallpox is called variola.
我们现在知道这病由一种相关的病毒引起,这种病毒叫牛痘病毒,想想天花病毒也被叫做牛痘病毒
-
So, that was a naturally occurring attenuated virus that could be produced into a vaccine that didn't cause the disease.
因为天花病毒存在天然的衰减病毒,这种衰减病毒可以用来,直接生产不致病的疫苗
-
That's important, too, because you need to be able to tell if the virus is present in the human population.
这一点也非常重要,因为你要能够分辨出,人群中是否有人感染了天花病毒
-
Remember that the lucky thing about the smallpox vaccine was that a naturally occurring attenuated form of the smallpox virus variola called vaccinea was found.
对于天花病毒来说,幸运的是,存在一种自然发生的,被称作痘苗病毒的,天花病毒的衰减疫苗
-
There are still some active smallpox virus specimens kept in the world, and there are two sources of small--two places where smallpox is stored now.
世界上仍有地方保存着,一些具有活性的天花病毒样本,有两个地方还储存着天花病毒样本
-
And this is what's characteristic of smallpox, is that as the virus spreads through your body, it particularly, it particularly affects cells of your skin.
这是天花的特征,当病毒传遍全身时,它特别的,特别地作用于皮肤细胞
-
So if you got infected with smallpox, you got the disease.
如果你感染了天花病毒,就会得这种病
-
But variola, which causes smallpox in humans, and vaccinia, which causes a disease called cowpox in cattle, turned out to be, we now know, viruses that are molecularly very similar.
但是导致天花的人痘病毒,和导致牛痘,的牛痘病毒,后来发现其实是,我们现在知道,这两种病毒在分子水平上十分相似
-
Viruses, you know about viruses; variola, we're going to talk about next week which causes smallpox, influenza, which causes the flu and HIV of course which cause AIDS are some examples.
病毒 你们都知道病毒,像天花病毒,我们下周会讲的引起天花的病毒,还有引起流感的流感病毒,引起艾滋病的人类免疫缺陷病毒等等
-
There are even some military personnel now who get immunized against smallpox in the event that when they're going into areas, they might be exposed when they're in combat areas.
现在有些军人甚至已经接种天花疫苗,以使他们在战场上,免受天花病毒的威胁
-
One is in the U.S.at the Centers for Disease Control, where there is a sample of variola, which is kept, you know, frozen on ice in a heavily guarded facility.
一个在美国的疾病控制中心,那有一支天花病毒的样本,冰冻后置于重重保护之下
-
They are kept track of very closely, but because there's still smallpox that exists on the planet, there is some concern that that could be obtained and used to develop a weapon.
并且科学家们仔细记录病毒的使用情况,但因为这星球上仍存在天花,就会有人担心,某些人会获得天花病毒,并将其制成武器
-
The name of the virus is variola.
病毒的名字叫天花病毒
-
This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.
这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体
-
Then, also emphasizing in the case of smallpox, how even after the scientific discovery was made, it took many, many decades for people to be able to produce the vaccine in large enough quantities and distribute it, so that you could think about making an impact on global prevalence of the disease.
同时重点就天花疫苗的发展展开了讨论,而即便当科学发现了天花病毒,仍然过了许多年,人类才能够,大规模生产并使用天花疫苗,由此你们可以了解到,在全球范围内,疫苗给天花以致命一击
-
Smallpox is a virus called variola, it's a virus that contains DNA.
天花是病毒引起的,这种病毒含DNA
应用推荐