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They prevent the ligand from reaching its natural receptor, and so that antagonizes or inhibits the function of the natural ligand.
它们能够阻止配体与受体的结合,这样就拮抗或者说是抑制了配体的功能
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Sometimes receptors, when they interact with ligands, create changes in what proteins are actually being produced by the cell.
有时受体与配体结合后,带来的变化实际是,决定细胞开始合成何种蛋白质
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Most cells in your body have insulin receptors so insulin is starting to bind to insulin receptors on those cells.
体内大多数细胞中都有胰岛素受体,胰岛素就开始与细胞上的胰岛素受体结合
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Many steroid hormones act because they bind to cellulars - to receptors that are deep within the cell, often inside the nucleus.
许多类固醇激素能够起效是因为,其与存在于细胞内部的受体相结合,这类受体通常在细胞核内
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When estrogen is present it can enter cells in the vicinity and it can bind to receptors that are deep inside cells.
雌激素能够进入到邻近的细胞中,并能够与细胞内部的受体相结合
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An example of a drug that works like that is the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen which binds to estrogen receptors and blocks estrogen signaling.
这种药物的一个例子就是他莫昔芬,这是一种抗癌药,能够与雌激素受体结合,阻断雌激素信号通路
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They bind sometimes better than the natural ligand does, but they don't create the right biological reaction.
结合的比天然配体和受体的的结合更紧密,但不能产生相同的生物效应
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When they bind, they produce some change in the receptor molecule which is experienced inside the cell.
当它们结合后,会使受体分子发生改变,这个过程发生在细胞内部
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Those receptors, some fraction of them, are specific for the ligand that the pre-synaptic cell releases.
这些受体 其中一部分,特异性地结合突触前细胞释放的配体
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It gets enhanced because when insulin binds to the insulin receptor, it activates the receptor.
这种增强效应来自于,胰岛素与胰岛素受体结合后,就激活了该受体
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The ligands are bringing some message, they transmit the message by binding to the receptor.
配体带有一些信息,它们通过与受体结合来传递这些信息
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There's a diverse range of responses that might occur, but that response is initiated by this simple chemical process of a ligand binding to a receptor.
细胞对外界信号可能会发生不同的反应,但这些反应都源自,配体和受体结合这个简单的化学过程
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Here, there are receptors on one cell and the ligand that they experience is not a dissolved molecule, but actually a molecule that's attached to another cell.
这个细胞上有许多受体,与之结合的配体并非是可溶性分子,而是一个附着在其他细胞上的分子
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Now, one of the advantages of having second messengers is this is one way that you can integrate between different receptor systems that are acting inside a cell.
使用第二信使分子的好处在于,它能够将,作用于细胞内部不同的,受体系统结合起来
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So, they bind to the receptor - they occupy the receptor so now the natural ligand can't enter it but they don't create the same sequence of biochemical events.
因此,它们与受体结合,它们占据了受体,这样配体就进不来了,但这种结合无法诱发,真正的配体所能诱发的生化反应
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So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.
所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞
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Insulin binding leads to phosphorylation, leads to other biochemical changes.
胰岛素与受体结合导致磷酸化,进而产生其它生物化学变化
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Sometimes they act by actually binding to the receptor.
有时拮抗剂与受体相结合
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One class of them is beta-blockers, they bind to beta-adrenergic receptors, which are receptors that exchange information between your nervous system and the contractile system that beats your heart and that causes the heartbeat.
一类药物是β阻断剂,它们与β肾上腺素受体结合,这种受体能够在神经系统和,控制心跳的心肌收缩系统之间传递信息,从而产生心跳
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So, these are receptors, for example, that bind the ligand and then liberate an enzyme which promotes some sort of reaction inside the cell, often it's kinases but doesn't have to be.
例如,这里是受体,与配体相结合,激活一种酶,这种酶能够催化细胞内的某些反应,这些酶通常都是激酶,但不全是
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In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.
在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子
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We're going to talk about this kind of non-covalent interaction more when we talk about the immune system, because one example of ligand and receptors that's important in the immune system are antigens - foreign molecules, and antibodies - molecules that we produce.
当我们讲到免疫系统的时候,会更详细地谈到这种非共价化合反应,因为在免疫系统中,一个重要的配体受体结合反应,就是抗原,即外源分子,与抗体,这个人体自身产生的分子结合
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Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.
胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部
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When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.
当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白
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When this bound receptor interacts with DNA it could, for example, turn on expression of a target gene.
该受体与DNA结合后能够,启动目标基因的表达
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Estrogen can combine with this receptor to form a new sort of unit which interacts with DNA.
雌激素能够与受体相结合,形成一个新结构单位与DNA相互作用
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For example, HIV enters cells of the immune system by binding to a receptor called CD4.
比如,HIV通过与CD4的受体结合,进入到免疫系统细胞中
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The receptor for estrogen is a special molecule called a DNA binding factor.
雌激素受体是一类特殊的分子,叫做DNA结合因子
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It gets produced in response to a signal so there's a binding of a ligand to a receptor, the enzyme that does this conversion is activated and more cycle AMP is released.
这类分子的产生是对信号做出的一种反应,当配体和受体结合时,催化这种转化过程的酶被激活,更多的cAMP释放出来
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