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So now, the enzyme is locked up with being built, and the penicillin has effectively killed the bacteria.
所以这是我第一次感受到,我想在单个原子的层面上思考这些分子,所以这时我的专业转到了化学方向。
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If you were to make that change you would find that the molecule now has completely different biological and chemical properties.
如果要做出这样的变化,你会发现,分子的生物形状,和化学性质完全改变了。
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It's a long word that just means other chemistry that happens on the molecule after translation.
翻译后修饰意味着,在翻译之后对于产物分子的其他化学修饰
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And the reason we didn't do that is because we're actually going to spend much of the rest of the course relating these different properties to the properties of molecules in terms of bonding, and also in terms of chemical reactions.
我们至今没有这样做的原因是,实际上我们这门课程以后的大部分时间都将花在,如何将这些性质与分子的性质联系起来,在成键以及化学反应的方面。
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if we have a very electronegative atom within a certain molecule, what you'll actually find is that it does affect how the molecule is going to take place or take part in different chemical or biological reactions.
如果在某个分子中有一个电负性很高的原子，你会发现它确实会影响到,这个分子所起的作用,在不同的化学反应或者生物反应中时。
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Antibiotics are chemicals, usually small organic molecules that will kill micro-organisms like bacteria.
抗生素是一类化学物质,它们通常是小分子有机物,能够杀死细菌这样的微生物
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Now this is the basis of a physical chemistry process called hybridization.
这正是所谓核酸分子杂交的,物理化学反应的基础
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So if you're trying to make a more complicated organic molecule carbon-carbon bonds are one of the most difficult things to make in organic chemistry, and it turns out that c n minus is a very reactive molecule, so it's a good way, even though we'll go over some drawbacks in a second, it is a good way to make carbon-carbon bonds.
如果你要合成一个更复杂的有机分子,碳碳键是有机化学中,最难制造的键之一，而实际上氰离子是一种具有很高活性的分子，用它是一个好办法，尽管我们一会儿将看到它的一些缺点，但它的确是一个制造碳碳键的好方法。
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In addition to studying molecules and making molecules, some chemists Tim Swager want to detect molecules, and a chemist who likes to detect molecules TNT is Tim Swager. So, Tim Swager's lab has designed sensors that detect vapors, Fido and so they will detect TNT, for example.
除了研究和制备分子,有些化学家想要探测分子,其中的一位就是，他的实验组设计了用来探测蒸汽的感应器,可以用来检测比如说,而且他把化学应用到这个机器人手臂里，他们叫它。
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When these nucleotides get polymerized to form a long DNA molecule they all get polymerized in exactly the same way, the chemistry is the same.
当这些核苷酸多聚化,形成一条长链DNA分子时,它们的聚合方式和,化学结构都完全相同
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Restriction enzymes are just a kind of enzyme, enzymes are protein molecules that make a chemical reaction go faster, and the chemical reaction that restriction enzymes do is cutting DNA.
限制性内切酶是一种酶,而酶是加速化学反应的蛋白质分子,限制性内切酶加速的化学反应,是切割DNA
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So my goal today is to talk about sort of the basics of the molecules, their chemistry, the function of DNA in cells, sort of basic - the basic side of that.
所以我今天的任务是告诉你们,DNA分子的各种基团,它们的化学结构,细胞内DNA分子的功能
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We'll talk about some chemistry today, what DNA molecules are like, why they have the behavior that they do, and you need to understand this in order to understand how you manipulate DNA.
今天我们会谈到一些化学结构,比如DNA分子的形态,它们为什么会以这种形态存在,你必须先掌握这些,才能理解如何操控DNA
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