One kind of response is called the innate response and innate means that it's present from the beginning.

其中之一称为先天性免疫反应,先天的意思是生来就有的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In fact, the people who have been most important in understanding how the innate immune system works are people here at Yale.

事实上 在研究先天免疫系统,反应机理中,最重要的科学家就在耶鲁

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We learned about cognitive neuroscience using the study of face recognition as an important case study-- human differences, behavioral genetics, nature and nurture, sex and food.

我们学习了认知神经学,引用面部识别的研究,作为重要的例子分析-,还学了人体差异，行为遗传学，先天与后天，性与食物。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We don't like exponential algorithms, or at least you shouldn't like them, because they blow up quickly. And we saw some examples of that. And unfortunately, some problems are inherently exponential, you're sort of stuck with that, and then you just have to try be as clever as you can.

我们并不喜欢指数算法，至少你不应该喜欢，因为他们会,爆炸式的增长，我们将看到,这样的例子，不幸的是，一些问题先天是指数型的，你会被它们稍稍的卡住,然后你就得尽可能的发挥你聪明才智了。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

These systems have some built-in knowledge, and they have to do some learning, but the learning pattern varies from system to system and there's a separateness to them.

这些系统拥有部分先天知识,它们能够进行一定的学习,但学习模式因系统的不同而有所变化,它们之间也是相互独立的

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

your innate immune system tries to get rid of them.

你的先天性免疫系统试着去清除细菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, that's the innate response.

所以 这就是先天免疫反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's a lot of debate over how much is innate and what the character of the built-in mental systems are but there's nobody who doubts nowadays that a considerable amount for humans and for other animals is built-in.

尽管对于先天存在程度,以及内在心理系统所起的作用,还存在着很多的争论,然而如今的人们已经不再怀疑,先天因素在人类以及其他动物身上,所起到的重要作用。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

But innate responses are there from the very beginning and they can fight foreign--against foreign pathogens immediately.

但是先天免疫反应与生俱来,可以迅速同外源病原体展开斗争

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The issue of psychopathy, of people who, either due to brain damage or because they are born that way, have no moral understanding, can help us cope with questions of free will and responsibility; of the relationship or difference between mental illness and evil.

比如那些精神病人,不论是因为大脑受损而造成的,还是先天性的,并没有道德观念,可以帮助我们研究自由和责任的问题,或是研究心理疾病与邪恶的关系或区别

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Then those antigens get expressed with MHC just like they did in all the other cells inside the host, but particular cells of the innate immune system have a different kind of MHC called MHC2.

这些抗原同MHC共表达,就如同抗原在其他宿主细胞中那样,但先天免疫系统有一类特殊的免疫细胞,具有一种称为MHC2的不同MHC

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There is considerable evidence for different forms of innate knowledge and innate desires and we'll look--and we'll talk about it in detail when we look at case studies like language learning, the development of sexual preference, the developing understanding of material objects.

大量不同形式的证据,证明了先天知识和先天欲望的存在,当我们讲到语言学习，性偏好发展,以及物质客体理解的发展，等主题的个案研究时，会来细讲这些证据。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选