So, all I want to do now is look at the derivatives of the free energies with respect to temperature and volume and pressure.

我现在所要做的一切就是,考察自由能对,温度，体积和压强的偏导数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We discovered that the quantity dA, under conditions of constant volume and temperature, dA TS And A is u minus TS.

我们发现在恒定的体积和温度下，亥姆赫兹自由能的变化，小于零，is，less，than，zero。,亥姆赫兹自由能A等于内能u减去。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选