I can then subsequently lose an electron from the lithium ion. Lithium ion loses an electron to become lithium 2plus.
然后我能在锂离子中,失去一个电子,锂离子失去一个电子,变为二价锂离子。
And, likewise, if we look at fluorine in its diatomic molecule, it is 160 kilojoules per mole.
一样的,如果我们观察二价的氟,它是每摩尔160焦。
So, selenium 2 minus is what's going to be isoelectronic, because if you add two electrons to selenium, you'll get the same electron configuration that you have for krypton here.
负二价的硒离子将是等电子的,因为如果你给硒原子加上两个电子,你会得到,和氪原子相同的电子排布。
And you would expect that that would be a much stabler compound because, instead of plus one attracting plus one, now you have plus two attracting minus two.
可以预见,这将会是更稳定的化合物,因为不再是一价正离子吸引一价负离子,而是二价正离子吸引二价负离子。
It's 109 . 5 is what we would expect for methane because it's tetravalent, but here we're just seeing something that's divalent, and they're both in p orbitals that are perpendicular to each other.
因为甲烷是四价的,我们预测是109。,但这里我们,看到的是二价的,它们都在。
Because aluminum ions have charge of plus three and oxygen ions have charge of minus two.
因为铝离子为正三价,氧为负二价。
So this should immediately look like a problem because we know, in fact, that methane is tetravalent, and this is telling us it's only divalent.
显然这看起来是一个问题,因为我们知道实际上,甲烷是四价的,而这告诉我们它仅仅是二价的。
So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么,我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么,负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的,我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的?没错,负二价。
And then a lithium 2plus still has an electron.
然后二价锂离子仍有一个电子。
What about lithium 2+?
那么二价的锂呢?
So, what we call this is the third ionization energy, or the negative of the binding energy, again of the 2 s orbital, but now it's in boron plus 2 to we're starting with.
那么我们称它为第三电离能,或者负的束缚能,还是,2,s,轨道的,但现在我们是从正二价硼离子开始的。
The highest occupied orbital is now the 2 s orbital, 1 s 2 2 s 1 so we're going to end up with boron 2 plus 1 s 2, 2 s 1, plus the electron coming out of there.
现在最高的被占据轨道是,2,s,轨道,因此结果应该是正二价的硼,再加上一个出射的电子。
And what I want to point out that we just figured out for molecular orbital theory, is that o 2 is a biradical, because remember, the definition of a radical is when we have an unpaired electron.
我要指出的是,我们刚利用分子轨道理论,指导了O2是二价自由基,因为记住,自由基的定义是,有个未配对的电子。
应用推荐