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I can then subsequently lose an electron from the lithium ion. Lithium ion loses an electron to become lithium 2plus.
然后我能在锂离子中，失去一个电子,锂离子失去一个电子,变为二价锂离子。
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He said that the percent ionic character, and this is within a bond, not for a compound, for a covalent bond.
他提到离子百分数，是指一根键中，并非一个分子中。
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So we're going to feel a higher z effective in the case of the ion compared to the neutral atom.
因此，我们在离子中,会比在中性原子中感受到更高的有效核电量。
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By determining how many of those molecules to hold onto, how many to keep in the body, how many to release determines the internal composition with regard to that ion.
通过控制体内这些分子的水平,即体内保有多少,又排出多少,就能够保证内环境中离子组成的稳定
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This conversion from a mechanical energy into a chemical energy can be nicely visualized when one fills a hair cell with a sensitive die that responds to the calcium ions that influx into the cell.
如果在毛细胞中注入,对钙离子敏感的物质,可以精确地模拟,这一机械能到化学能的转化过程。
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In an aqueous solution, he passes electric current and causes silver ions to deposit and form metallic silver.
在水溶液中，他接通电流，这得银离子,沉淀，并形成金属银。
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I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.
我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。
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Remember in the ion, we're going to have less electrons around to counteract the pull from the nucleus.
还记得在这个离子中，在原子核周围,抵消它吸引力的电子更少。
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And they remain two atoms per ion pair discretely bombing around in the gas phase.
每个离子对中仍含有两个院子,分散得分布于气相中。
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He said that is going to equal one minus the exponential.
一根共价键中,离子百分数等于。
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And now we're asking you to look at krypton, so the atomic mass is 36. You can actually just grab that handout the second handout on the exam and look at the periodic table there. So, which of the following ions listed is isoelectronic with krypton?
现在我们请大家来看一下氪原子，它的原子量是，36，大家其实可以拿出这张讲义,第二份关于考试的讲义,看一下上面的周期表，那么，下列离子中，哪一个是与氪原子是等电子的？
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In case 2, we're taking the 3 p out of the neutral atom, whereas in case 3, we're taking it out of the ion.
在第二种情况中，我们要从中性原子中拿走，3，p，电子，而在第三种情况中，我们要从这个离子中拿走它。
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Now, remember we talked about these last time, voltage-gated channels are channels that would allow the passage of sodium, in this case, but they can exist in two states, a closed state and an open state.
还记得我们上节课讨论过的吧,电压门控通道是,一种可以容许钠离子通过的通道,在这一例子中 电压门控通道有两种状态,关闭状态和开放状态
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Its ionization would be I take one of the electrons on chlorine and throw it away.
这个离子化的过程就是,从钠原子中取出一个电子,并扔掉。
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The cells that take an electrical signal, which is coming down your nerve and convert it into a muscle contraction work this way, so 'neuro' nerve, muscle junctions act based on ligand-gated ion channels.
依靠相同的工作原理,细胞将来自于神经的,电信号传递到细胞收缩肌中,所以神经和肌肉关节运动,都基于配体门控离子通道
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So, what happens, this is another view of a sodium channel, so this is actually looking a little bit more at the protein structure.
那么，这里发生了什么，这是钠离子通道的另一张图片，在这种蛋白质结构中,它看起来更复杂一点。
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So if you're trying to make a more complicated organic molecule carbon-carbon bonds are one of the most difficult things to make in organic chemistry, and it turns out that c n minus is a very reactive molecule, so it's a good way, even though we'll go over some drawbacks in a second, it is a good way to make carbon-carbon bonds.
如果你要合成一个更复杂的有机分子,碳碳键是有机化学中,最难制造的键之一，而实际上氰离子是一种具有很高活性的分子，用它是一个好办法，尽管我们一会儿将看到它的一些缺点，但它的确是一个制造碳碳键的好方法。
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Now, it's more complicated than that because it's not just sodium channels that are involved, there are potassium channels also, and the interplay between sodium channels opening and potassium channels opening, this is described in some detail in your book.
现在 事情更复杂了,因为这一过程不仅关系着钠离子通道,也关系着钾离子通道,以及钠离子通道和钾离子通道之间开关,的相互作用,书中有详细解释
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Because it's a gel electricity is going to move through the gel because there are ions in it the same way - for the same reason you don't drop an electrical device into the bathtub because charge moves through water that has ions in it.
由于凝胶中存在离子,电流会通过凝胶,同样--,因为同样的原因你不会把电器扔进浴缸里,因为水里也有离子,所以水可以导电
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Will it be if you take a 3 s electron from neutral silicone, if you take a 3 p electron from the neutral atom, or if you take a 3 p from the ion?
是从中性硅原子中拿走一个，3，s，电子呢，还是从中性硅原子中拿走一个，3，p，电子呢，又或者是从硅离子中拿走一个，3，p，电子呢？
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So, in the case of boron plus 1, what we are starting with is the ion, so we're starting with a 2 s electron, 2 s 1 and then we're going to 2 s 1 here.
在正一价硼中，我们面对的是这个离子，本来就应该从，2，s，电子开始，然后这里变成。
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So let's think about the energy required now to remove a 2 s electron, let's say we're removing it from boron plus 1 versus neutral boron.
那么让我们来想一想,拿走一个，2，s，电子所消耗的能量，假设一个是从正一价硼离子中拿走1,另一个是从中性硼原子中拿走。
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