So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.
所以如果在原子核中,有一些电荷但是你也有来自,另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。
And the point that I also want to make is the way that they differ, z effective actually differs from the total charge in the nucleus due to an idea called shielding.
我也想指出的一点是它们不同的方式,有效的z事实上不同于原子核的,总电荷量,因为屏蔽效应。
The total negative charge of the electrons is equal to the positive charge of the nucleus.
所有电子的负电荷,等于核的正电荷。
So if we have total +2 and complete shielding -1 where that can actually negate a full positive charge, because remember our nucleus is plus 2, +1 one of the electrons is minus 1, so if it totally blocks it, all we would have left from the nucleus is an effective charge of plus 1.
抵消一个完全的正电荷,因为记住我们的原子核是,其中一个电子是,所以如果它完全挡住了它,我们从原子核中留下的,全部有效电荷就是,所以,在我们的第一个例子中,我们的第一种极端情况。
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