It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.

作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

I want to put down on this axis the return on the stock market and on this axis I want to put the return on one company, let's say Microsoft.

我把这个轴作为股票市场的收益,这个轴作为某个公司的收益,比如说微软

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

A managed portfolio, you find somebody you think is really smart and you pay them a fair amount of money and in return they assert that they will pick winners for you, and in fact, you will outperform the stock market.

而代管投资组合就是说，你找一个你觉得很聪明的人,给他们一些钱,然后他们会说一定会帮你选出,赚钱的股票，实际上你会比股市整体表现要好。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

The other thing that I mentioned last time was that there seems to be a really big difference between the expected return on the stock market and the expected return on short-term debt.

上节课提到的另一条内容是,股票市场的预期收益,与短期债券的预期收益,存在着巨大差异

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选