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Again, these just illustrate my point, which is: Why did nobles and even other people agree to all of this?
上述内容再一次证明了我的观点,为什么贵族,甚至是普通民众会认可绝对主义
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The Boyars' counsel, that is the counsel of the nobles, literally met in the throne of the palace.
波雅尔议会 也就是贵族们的议会,实际上就在宫殿内举行
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It replaces the nobility,the local nobles, it replaces the church, and it replaces the monarchy that most people in France did not want.
它代替了贵族阶级,地方贵族,代替了教会,代替了大多法国人所不想要的君主制
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In either case, they regard him as surreptitiously taking the side of the people against the nobles.
二者都把他看作是秘密地,站在人民的立场上反抗权贵的人。
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Would be-- These would have been aristocratic republics at this stage of the game, and so there would have been a council of nobles that would typically have done it.
就是,这种制度,是贵族共和国的产物,所以拥有这一权利的,应是贵族议会
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His mother and her allies among the Boyars, that is the nobles, overthrew the regents in 1689.
他母亲及其波雅尔中的同僚,也就是当时的贵族,于1689年推翻了摄政王的统治
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Machiavelli wants to redirect power to some degree away from the nobles and toward the people.
马基雅维利想要在某种程度上,使权力由贵族往人民方向偏转。
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He goes out to Versailles and creates this noble theme park and sort of a Euro Disney for nobles where he can watch these nobles.
他来到凡尔赛,在那里他为贵族建了个主题公园,类似欧洲的迪斯尼乐园,在那里他可以看到贵族们的一举一动
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Marxist analysis has given us this all too rigid picture of the nobility sort of letting their nails grow long, "They are nobles because they do nothing."
马克思主义分析家给出这样的刻板形象,贵族整日游荡,无所事事,"他们是贵族所以他们什么都不做"
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Now,there was even a group of nobles who believed that they could be elected, that if you had an election people would actually vote to restore the monarchy.
当时甚至有一群贵族,相信人们会选择君主制,相信如果人们有选举权,他们就会投票保留君主政体
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They will defend, quite vociferously, their privileges as townspeople against absolutist pretensions of nobles, in the case of the Netherlands and also, to an extent, in England as well.
他们奔走呼号,捍卫自己的权利,以城里人身份去反对贵族的专制野心,而在荷兰,某种程度上,同英国是一样的
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So, these officials, nobles get these kinds of officials, and really, they could rake it in, get these titles and they are representing the king.
所以官员们可以获得这些肥差,从而大发横财,他们被授勋以爵位并且代表着君王的意志
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They were nobles that had the chateaux,; and they didn't dominate; they didn't rule.
他们群是拥有城堡的贵族,但他们不专制,不独裁
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Certainly there were nobles in France who bought up vineyards around Bordeaux.
当然也有法国贵族在波尔多经营葡萄园
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There are nobles around Toulouse who have invested in commercial agriculture.
在图卢兹投资商业化农业
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And the key to his strength,besides the church,are the nobles.
而除了教会,他的力量关键要靠贵族
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Prussia, I already said, you've got your big nobles.
我已经提过,普鲁士有许多大贵族
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There were, to be sure, nobles in the Netherlands.
荷兰的贵族
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The way the Dutch thought about themselves is a little different than the way the French nobility or the Spanish nobles, at least at the higher ranks, thought about themselves as well.
荷兰贵族看待自己的方式,与法国还有西班牙的贵族相比,有点不同,至少高级贵族,对自己是这么看待的
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Boyars, are the Russian nobles and royal politics.
波雅尔是沙俄贵族和皇家政客
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Ten thousand nobles lived there. How boring!
成千上万的贵族住在那里,多么无聊
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You've got all sorts of nobles.
俄罗斯有各种贵族
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As you move later in their history, you find you can guess that there would be councils that were not purely of nobles but might be of wealthy people, but they would always be a minority and come from the upper class.
随着你们进一步了解希腊的历史,你们能轻易猜想到议会组成人员中,不仅仅只有贵族,还有富人,但他们都是来自上层阶级的少数人
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So, I already mentioned about how nobles become junior partners in absolutism.
我前面提到过,贵族是如何臣服在统治者的绝对权威之下
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Boyars are the nobles; the Junkers are the Prussian nobles.
波雅尔指贵族 容克是普鲁士贵族
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You will recognize our privileges as nobles."
必须承认我们作为贵族的特权"
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The nobles say, "All right.
贵族们说,"好吧
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But,basically the State was winning the battle against the nobles, and you could still be the Count of anywhere,or the Duke of anywhere, and you can't mobilize goodies to give to local people except on a very local scale.
不过,总体上这个国家还是战胜了贵族,而且你仍可以当任何地方的伯爵或公爵,你不能把任意调集物资,给当地人,除非是地方标准之下
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If you go down into France, if you go to la belle France, the painting is dominated by nobles who want pictures of themselves, or the tiresome Sun King and all his sort of miserable and all his sort of miserablehangers-on, very rich, miserable hangers-on.
如果你到了法国,"美丽"的法兰西,这些画作被,那些想为自己留像的士绅们所拥有,或者被令人讨厌的"太阳王",以及他可悲的走狗们,富有但却可悲的走狗们所拥有
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