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That there are other molecules in the lipid bilayer and they're important for cells getting information or getting molecules from outside.
还有一些其它分子在这个脂质双分子层上,它们对于细胞接收信息,和接受外来分子十分重要
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Steroids are small molecules - much smaller than proteins - smaller molecules that tend to be hydrophobic or lipid soluble.
类固醇是小分子物质,比蛋白质小得多,这类小分子是非水溶性的,或者说是脂溶性的
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Often it's a salt called phosphocholine and so you get a phospholipid that's made of choline and two lipid chains.
它通常是一种叫磷酸胆碱的盐,这样你就得到了一种,由胆碱和两条脂肪链构成的磷脂
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It has to be small, and it has to be lipid soluble in order for it to pass through a cell membrane.
这些分子必须非常小,而且必须是脂溶性的,才能穿过细胞膜
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I mentioned a little bit that this membrane is not just lipid bilayer but there's also proteins that are inserted into the membrane.
我之前说过,这层膜不仅仅是一层脂质双分子层,而是有很多蛋白质嵌插在膜上的
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I've already mentioned many times that the lipid bilayer, the cell membrane, isn't just a lipid bilayer.
我已经讲过很多遍这个脂质双分子层了,细胞膜它不只是一个脂质双分子层
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There's lipid chains in between so cell membranes are lipid rich layers that can exist in water.
脂质链在两者中间,所以细胞膜是富含脂类的膜层,并可以稳定存在于水中
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Well, one way you can get it is by mixing the gene with lipids, with lipid molecules.
一种方法可以将基因与脂质体混合,同脂类分子混合
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If a cell membrane was indeed just a lipid bilayer, then glucose could never enter the cell because it can't permeate through cell membranes.
如果细胞膜只是一个脂质双分子层的话,葡萄糖就不可能进入细胞,因为它不能渗透过细胞膜
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The lipids will form a bi-layer where the water soluble part of the lipid points out of this layer and the oily part points in.
脂质会形成双层膜,水溶性部分朝向膜层外,而脂溶性的部分朝向双层膜内部
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They're small molecules, they're lipid soluble, they can go from extracellular to intracellular.
它们是小分子,并且是脂溶性的,它们能从胞外进入胞内
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This is another example of a second messenger, the inositol lipid pathway.
这是另一个第二信使的例子,磷酸肌醇信号通路
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We'll see why they have to separate that in a minute, but they do that these lipid bi-layers solve that problem for them and they're self-assembled structures from these molecules called phospholipids.
我们马上会讲到为什么要把它们隔离开,脂质双层膜解决了这个问题,而这些自主装结构,就是由磷脂分子组成的
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There are different kinds of cell walls in bacteria but they have a rigid cell wall and our cells don't have a rigid cell wall, we have a fluid lipid like cell wall.
细菌有不同种类的细胞壁,但都很坚固,人类细胞没有坚固的细胞壁,我们有一层类似细胞壁的流动的脂类
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On the side over here shows a cell membrane and so this is outside the cell above it, and this is inside the cell below, and this is the lipid bilayer that separates the outside of the cell from the inside of the cell.
这边这个表示细胞膜,它的上面代表细胞外部,下面代表细胞内部,这个是脂质双分子层,将细胞内外分开
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So you form DNA lipid complexes and because the DNA is complexed with lipids it's more soluble in membranes and more likely to enter cells.
形成DNA脂类复合体之后,因DNA同脂类复合,其脂溶性大大增加,更容易进入细胞
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