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And you don't have to be too careful or fine about gradations of punishment in the state of nature.
而且在自然状态中，你不必,对实施惩罚的程度太过小心。
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But the enforcement power, the right to punish, everyone can do the punishing in the state of nature.
而说到执行权，惩罚权，自然状态下人人都能实施惩罚权。
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Hobbes wants this sort of dictatorship to keep people from brawling in the state of nature.
他希望建立一个类似独裁的政府,以制止人们在"自然状态"下的争斗
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Hobbes derives the very power of the sovereign from the natural right of each individual to do as they like in the state of nature.
他认为君主的权力源自于,人民原本在自然社会中,能自由行使的个人权力。
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So these are the rights we have in the state of nature before there is any government.
这些就是我们在政府产生前,自然状态下拥有的权利。
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And this law of nature constrains what we can do even though we are free, even though we are in the state of nature.
这种自然法制约着我们的行为,即便我们是自由的，即便是在自然状态下。
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He says there are some inconveniences in the state of nature but what are those inconveniences?
他说自然状态有一些不便之处,什么不便之处呢？
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People in the state of nature may have regular and continual contact with one another.
在自然状态中的人们可能互相,有定期并持续的联系。
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Well, I think, as the convention, it would be very difficult to leave the government because nobody else is just living in the state of nature.
我认为，按照惯例来说，想要脱离政府会是十分困难的,因为没有其他人生活在自然状态下。
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It is only in the state of nature, he tells us, that individuals have the right to determine just and unjust, right and wrong for themselves.
他认为，只有在自然社会中，个人才有权力决定,什么是公正，不公正，什么是对什么是错。
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And the fact that relations in the state of nature it's synonymous with making it a condition of war, of "all against all," in his famous formulation.
自然状态中的关系对他来说,与战争中抗一切人的状态同义，他在著名的构想中如是说。
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And the reason is that even in the state of nature, there is a kind of law.
因为即使处在自然状态下，仍受某种法的约束。
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You'd rather be in the state of nature, at least on April 15th.
所以至少在四月十五日，你宁愿处于自然状态。
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We are free and equal in the state of nature he makes the point that there is a difference between a state of liberty and a state of license.
每个人在自然状态下都是自由而平等的,他同时指出，自由状态,和放纵状态是有区别的。
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And Locke observes that when people are the judges of their own cases, they tend to get carried away, and this gives rise to the inconvenience in the state of nature.
而洛克发现当人们审理自己的案子时，他们往往会失去理智，这就引出了自然法的不便之处。
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If you want to go live in the state of nature, that's fine, but you can't take anything from the government because by the government's terms, which are the only terms under which you can enter the agreement, say that you have to pay taxes to take those things.
如果你想生活在自然状态下，没问题，但你就不能享受任何政府福利了,因为根据政府组建条款，也是我们同意组建政府的唯一条款，规定只有你缴税了才能享受那些福利。
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This is again the sort of existential condition in which Hobbes wants to put us in the state of nature and all the benefits he lists there, he enumerates, that are denied to us in such a condition, again no knowledge, no geography, no cultivation of the earth, no navigation or building.
这也是霍布斯,把我们置于自然状态,和他列举的益处的,现存状态中，在这种状态中,否认知识，地理，土地栽培，航海和舒适建筑的存在。
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Well, in order to answer that question, it helps to remember what the state of nature is like.
为了回答这个问题，回顾一下自然状态会很有帮助。
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From one point of view, reading Hobbes, his account of the state of nature seems to derive from his physics of motion and rest, in the opening chapters of Leviathan.
一方面，阅读霍布斯，他关于自然状态的解释似乎,来源于他关于运动和静止的物理学，这也在《利维坦》的开篇章节。
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Machiavelli's preference for these extreme situations expresses his belief that only in moments of great crisis, where the very existence of a state is at risk, does human nature truly reveal itself.
马奇亚维利偏好,这类极端的情势,表述出他相信,仅在重大危机的当头，当一国的存亡面临考验之时，人类的本性才会真正显现出来。
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In fact, we can never be fully free of the fear and of the anxiety and uncertainty of the state of nature, even within to some degree of fully constituted civil society.
实际上，我们完全可以,脱离恐惧焦虑和,对自然状态的不确定,甚至在一定程度上可以摆脱完全文明的社会。
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The state of nature fully continues, in many ways, oddly even in civil society, he says, whenever we have reason to believe that our lives or our properties or ourselves are not secure.
从很多方面来说，自然状态，即使在文明社会里也显得奇怪，不论我们是否有理由相信我们有生活,生命和财产财产安全的保障。
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It can signify battle, but Hobbes says it can also signify the will to contend, simply the desire or the will to engage in conflict, " renders something like a state of nature.
这可以表示为斗争，但霍布斯说这同样可以表示竞争的意志，仅仅就是参与冲突的欲望或愿望，这些构成了“自然状态。
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Whatever he removes out of the state that nature has provided, " and left it in, he has mixed his labor with, and joined it to something that is his own, " and thereby makes it his property."
所以只要他使任何东西脱离自然所提供的状态，《政府论》第五章，“论财产“,脱离其现有状态，他就已经掺进他的劳动，在这上面施加了他自己所有的某些东西，因而，使它成为他的财产“
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So the question for us remains, which deeply challenged readers in Hobbes' own time, what makes Hobbes' story, as I am calling it, his story about the state of nature ? being a condition of war, what makes it plausible?
所以我们的问题依然存在，这使霍布斯时代的读者感到深深的挑战，是什么使得霍布斯的故事，关于自然状态的故事,战争状态的故事，是什么使它真实合理？
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Well, I'm just wondering what Locke's view is on once you have a government that's already in place, whether it is possible for people who are born into that government to then leave and return to the state of nature?
我只想知道洛克对此会怎么想,一旦政府已经成立了，其中出生的人们，是否有可能,脱离它，而重新回到自然状态呢？
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Right? The state of nature is not seen by him as an actual historical condition in some ways, although he occasionally will refer to what we might think of as anthropological evidence to support his views on the state of nature.
他并不是把自然状态理解为,某种方式的实际的历史性的状态，即使他偶然性地,用人类学的证据,去支持他自然状态的观点。
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