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Over here, we have dq=Cp dT, the heat, the proportionality between heat - and temperature rise is given by this, the constant pressure heat capacity.
这里我有dq=CpdT，这是热量，这是联系热量,和温度变化的系数，恒压热容。
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But this is a compound, right, it has some non-zero heat of formation from the elements. So is water, right?
但这是种化合物，对吧？,它具有非零的生成热,水也是一样，对吧？
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Suppose I've got a heat-seeking missile which tracks down the plane.
假设有一个热追踪导弹,正在追踪一架飞机
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You can--Degrees of pushing, degrees of heat, degrees of brightness.
你能够感受到按压的程度,受热的程度,明亮的程度
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If I then put it back into its original condition, lower the heat say, temperature back to body temperature and reduce the pH down to seven again, the molecules will re-nature.
假如我把烧杯的温度恢复到初始状态,降低温度,温度降低到体温,将pH值降低到七,这些分子会复性
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a You know that what will happen is that heat will flow from a to b from b to c and from a to c. That's common-sense.
你知道会发生的是热量从流向,从流向,以及从流向。
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Real refrigerators actually work with liquids that go into gases so use the latent heat of the liquid, so it doesn't really work like the Joule-Thomson expansion. So this is real.
液体变成气体来工作,以运用液体的潜热，所以这不是,真正像焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀一样工作,这是真实的气体，不像焦耳。
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This one turns out to be the heat capacity, and this one turns out to be something that we measure in the Joule-free expansion.
其实，这就是热容，这是焦耳自由膨胀实验中,我们要测量的物理量。
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You're creating heat If you're a warm-blooded animal.
如果你是温血动物,你会产生热量。
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All the energy that is inserted into this, which might be turbulence initially, becomes heat, or becomes -- it raises the temperature.
由振动引起的所有，进入系统的能量最后都变成了热，因此温度便升高了。
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That great deal of specificity implies that heat is also path-dependent and again we have the convention that if heat is added to the system, the quantity is greater than zero.
热也是与路径有关的,根据通常的习惯,如果我们对系统加热，其符号取为正。
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the zeroth law, which is the common-sense law, which says that if you take a hot object next to a cold object, heat will flow from the hot to the cold in a way that is well defined, and it allows you to define temperature.
上节课我们讨论了，热力学第零定律,这一定律源自常识：如果把一个热的物体,与一个冷的物体挨在一起，热量就会以确定的方式。
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There's no change in them, and then we also looked at some at non-state functions, work and heat, and saw that those aren't zero going around a cycle. Of course you can do work in a cyclic process, and heat can be exchanged with the environment at the same time.
它们不会有变化，然后我们研究了,一些非态函数，功和热量，并看到,沿着循环行进一周的话,它们并不是零，当然你可以在,一个循环过程中做功，而同时热量可以在系统,与外界环境之间进行交换。
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We use a liquid helium. And so in order to make a liquid helium, you can't take helium at room temperature and do this, because if you did, you would just heat it up, because the room temperature is above the inversion temperature, so Joule-Thomson would heat up the helium.
为了得到液氦,不能再常温,做这个实验,否则就是加热氦气，因为室温高于它的转变温度,所以焦耳-汤姆孙，实验会加热氦气。
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You could imagine the dualist coming back and saying, "Look, in the case of the heat-seeking missile or the robot for that matter, although it's doing things, it's just obeying orders.
你可以假想二元论反驳说,在热追踪导弹,或是机器人的例子里,尽管他们各尽其职,但也只是恪守命令
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The heat-added, temperature, and this is a proportionality constant.
这是热，这是温度，这是比例常数。
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