Electron affinity is actually the ability of an atom, or we could also talk about an ion to gain electrons.

电子亲和能其实就是一个原子，或者我们也可以讨论离子获取电子的能力。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, for example, for the chlorine case, we would say that the electron affinity for chlorine is actually positive 349 kilojoules per mole.

比如，以氯为例，我们可以说氯的电子亲和能,应该等于正的，349，千焦每摩尔。

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I think I labeled this one two, 3 ionization I labeled three, 4 electron affinity I labeled four 5 and crystallization I labeled five.

这一步为步骤，离子化为步骤，电子亲合为步骤,结晶为步骤。

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So do you think noble gases would have a high positive electron affinity, a low positive, or negative electron affinity?

那么，你认为稀有气体的电子亲和能,应该是一个高的正值，一个低的正值，还是一个负值？

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- So most of you recognize, if we switch back to the notes, that they do have a negative electron affinity.

看来大部人都想到了，如果你翻翻讲义的话，它们的电子亲和能确实是负的。

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One major difference between electron affinity and ionization energy is that when we talked about ionization energy, remember ionization energy always has to be positive.

电子亲和能,与电离能之间最大的不同就在于,当我们提到电离能的时候，记得电离能总是正的。

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We'll then take a turn to talking about the periodic table, we'll look at a bunch of periodic trends, including ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic radius.

然后我们再开始讲元素周期表，我们会看到很多周期性规律，比如电离能，电子亲和能，电负性以及原子半径。

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So this is not going to be a favorable process, we're going to find that the electron affinity is actually a negative 7 kilojoules per mole for nitrogen.

因此这并不是一个容易发生的过程，我们会发现氮的电子亲和能,应该是负的，7，千焦每摩尔。

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We talked about ionization energy, electron affinity, we talked about electronegativity, which is just kind of a combination of the first two, and then ended with atomic radius here.

我们讲了电离能的，电子亲和能的，还讲了电负性的，也就是前两个的组合，最后讲了原子半径的。

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So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.

那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。

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This should make sense, because if an atom has a very high electron affinity, that means it's really happy taking an electron from another atom, or taking a free electron -- that that's very favorable.

这应该是合理的，因为如果一个原子有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着,它非常乐意从另外一个原子那里夺取一个电子，或者得到一个自由电子--这是非常利于发生的。

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So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.

因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。

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So let's talk about another periodic trend, this one is called electron affinity.

那么下面我们来讨论一下另一个周期性规律，它被称作电子亲和能。

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So this means nitrogen has low electron affinity, it doesn't actually want to gain an electron.

这意味着氮的电子亲和能很低，它实际上并不愿意得到一个电子。

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So, we can think about trends in electron affinity just like we did for ionization energy, and what we see is a similar trend.

那么，我们可以想一想电子亲和能的,周期性规律是怎样的，就像我们刚才分析电离能那样。

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You can think of electron affinity as sort of the ionization in reverse of the ion.

电子亲合,是离子化的逆过程。

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To answer this question you just really want to think about what does electron affinity means.

要想答对这个问题,你只需要好好想一想,电子亲和能的真正意义。

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So if we think about the upper right hand part of the quadrant, well, this is where we're going to have high electron affinity and high ionization energy, so we're also going to see high electronegativity here.

那么让我们来看看右上方的部分，好，在这里我们将会有高的电子亲和能,与高的电离能，因此我们会看到这里的电负性也很高。

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Electron affinity, however, can be either negative or it can be positive.

但是，电子亲和能既可以是负的,也可以是正的。

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So this reaction is called electron affinity.

整个这个反应称为电子亲合。

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So, we were talking, however, about energy in terms of electron affinity, so we can actually relate electron affinity to any reaction by saying if we have this reaction written as here where we're gaining an electron, we say that electron affinity is just equal to the negative of that change in energy.

但是，我们现在讨论的能量,是电子亲和能，因，此我们可以将电子亲和能,与任何反应联系起来,只要我们将反应写成这种得到电子的形式，我们说电子亲和能就等于,反应前后能量变化的负值。

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So it's the affinity it has for electrons, it's how much it likes to get an electron.

因此，它表示的是对电子的亲和力，即有多么希望得到一个电子。

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That's a very large number, it's all relative, so you don't necessarily know it's large without me telling you or giving you other ions to compare to, but chlorine does have a very large affinity, meaning it's really likes getting an electron and becoming a chlorine ion.

这是个非常大的数值，这种数值都是相对的，因此你不一定能知道这是非常大的,除非我告诉你或给你另外离子数值作为参考，但是氯确实有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着它非常乐意得到一个电子,而变成一个氯离子。

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