The only big change came in 1960 when they consolidated the ones around Paris, because of the growth of the Paris region, as you can see there.

仅在1960年由于巴黎区的发展,发生了一次改变,他们将巴黎周边的省进行合并,在这里可以看到

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

We call them consols because, in the early 1700s, the British Government issued what they called consols or consolidated debt of the British Crown that paid a certain amount of pound sterling every six months forever.

我们称之为公债是因为早在十八世纪初,英国政府规定他们称之为英国皇家,统合公债或者联合公债,要求永久性地,每六个月支付一定数量的英镑

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选