In English it begins with the late novels of Henry James around 1900, in poetry with Eliot and with Ezra Pound.
在英国现代主义萌芽于1900年左右,体现在亨利·詹姆斯,的后期小说,艾略特和艾兹拉·庞德的诗歌上。
Roman doctrine, of course, had prized the state of celibacy, insisting that it was the superior state over marriage.
当然罗马教义曾赞扬独身主义,坚持认为那是比婚姻更优良的状态。
But, what is that larger mystical body?We have been given one candidate: that it's America, that it's somehow America.
但这个更大的神秘主义主体是什么?,我们能够从文中:,找到的一个可能性是,美国,可以说是美国。
The point is simply to recognize that the apples are occult symbols, which is to say they're not apples.
关键是要认识,苹果是神秘主义的象征,就是说它们并不是苹果。
This is what Tynjanov says: In formalist historiography, the prime significance of major social factors is not at all discarded.
提尼亚诺夫这样说:,在形式主义者编写历史时,并没有完全忽略主要社会力量的重要性。
And speaking in turn to the arden secularists to say religion should have no part in the White House.
再说到艺术世俗主义者,他们说白宫不应该涉及宗教。
There was in the late 1860s a revival of republican and socialist organization, and of anarchist disorganization, if you will.
在十九世纪六十年代晚期,共和主义及社会主义组织,还有无政府主义组织有所复兴,如果你们愿意这么认为的话
This provides the moral basis of what I would call Hobbes' humanitarianism and yet that humanitarianism seems to raise further problems.
这提供给我们道德的基础,我把它称作霍布斯的人道主义,但人道主义会引起更进一步的问题。
We're going to explore in the days and weeks to come the contrast between consequentialist and categorical moral principles.
我们将用以后的几天到几周时间来探讨,后果主义与绝对主义道德原则的差别。
This will be important to try and understand the French revolution, La Revolution francaise, that there's a difference between absolutism and despotism.
这个观点对于尝试理解法国大革命很重要,绝对主义和专制主义是有区别的
But the modern world, to get back to that, to this Enlightenment world, individualism and a key aspect to that is hedonism.
但是回到现代社会,回到启蒙时期的世界,个人主义的关键在于享乐主义
Why do we have the Renaissance, the baroque period the classical period, the romantic period and so on?
为什么我们会有文艺复兴时期,巴洛克时期,古典主义时期,浪漫主义时期
And in between the optimists on the one hand and the pessimists on the other, you've got moderates who say, " "It varies.
而在乐观主义者,与悲观主义者之间,还有折中主义者认为,“这要看情况。
But it was also what we call shareholder activism or investor activism -that he was getting involved in changing the way corporations do business.
但是它同时也被人们称作,股东行动主义,或投资者行动主义,也就是他参与进来,去改变公司经营的方式
People exposed to death primes become more nationalistic, more patriotic, less forgiving of other people, less liking of other races and people from other countries.
处于死亡意念促发下的个体,会具有更强烈的民族主义和爱国主义倾向,较少原谅他人,对于来自其他国家的其他种族,或人民不那么友好。
Conservativism--deep organic forms of Conservativism is not antithetical to the Enlightenment, at least not entirely.
保守主义者是保守主义的有机形式,和启蒙运动并不对立,至少不完全是
There is something insidious and culturally malicious and powerful about the social conservatism of what is thought to be his voice.
人们认为弥尔顿宣扬的是社会保守主义,社会保守主义中有种隐藏的,文化上有害且强大的因素。
Now, in writing in these genres, Milton is, of course, confronted with a dilemma. He's a humanist scholar.
当然,弥尔顿用这种风格来写,就会面临一种窘境,他是一位人文主义学者。
This is not a wasteland of thought by any means, and the Russian formalists are an important part of what's going on.
俄国并不是一座思想的废都,形式主义者是思想界很重要的一个部分。
The other way it shares an ambition of modernism is precisely in that effort to communicate experience, consciousness.
它与现代主义追求的另一个共同点,正体现在经验和意识的交流上。
I'm not the kind of person who makes it his business to try to explain away those things in physicalist, naturalistic, materialistic, scientific terms.
我不是那种,喜欢用物理主义,自然主义,唯物主义的科学角度,来解释东西的人
There is a return to these kinds of theoretical defences of absolutism that even preceded the growth of the absolute state as I've described it.
有一点需注意,对于绝对主义的理论辩护,甚至早于绝对主义国家的兴起,之前我已经描述过这个过程
For many today, Hobbes' conception of the Leviathan state is synonymous with anti-liberal absolutism.
对今天许多的学者而言,霍布斯在《利维坦》中的政治主张,就是反自由主义之专制主义的代名词。
And we'll talk about and discuss the importance of idealism and maintaining idealism if we are to introduce personal change, inter-personal change, or community or society change.
我们会谈到和讨论理想主义和保持理想主义的重要性,如果我们要介绍个人的改变,个人之间的改变,或群体与社会的改变的话。
So the link of the conflict will play a stronger role in making the humanitarian issues more important.
因而冲突的纽带将会发挥更大的作用,使得人道主义问题更加重要。
And this belief that's called Calvinist predestination is really at the heart of mainstream English Puritanism at this point.
这种叫做加尔文宿命论的观点,与主流英国清教主义相一致。
So, now, here's just a list for you: eight features of literary modernism that are all important to Nabokov.
现在我给大家一张列表,上面列举了八项对纳博科夫非常重要的文学现代主义的特征。
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