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Working at the leading edge of research on cellular biology and genetic skin disorders, Fuchs was the first to precisely describe keratins - the principal structural proteins of skin cells - and identify diseases caused by mutations in the keratin gene.
VOA: standard.2010.03.29
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And if you maintained it in the right way, this polymer scaffold together with the skin cells will grow into skin.
如果培养方法得当,这个聚合物支架与这些皮肤细胞,会融合形成皮肤
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The same way cells that form the limb become more like muscle cells or skin cells, or the structures that become the limb.
同样的,形成上肢的细胞,变得越来越像肌肉或皮肤细胞,或者上肢的其他结构
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At The Rockefeller University in New York, she is currently studying how skin forms from precursor stem cells, looking for clues that could help researchers understand how defective stem cells can cause cancers and other disorders.
VOA: standard.2010.03.29
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Here is a thin membrane, it's a polymer scaffold, and on that polymer scaffold scientists have placed some skin cells and they've allowed it to grow.
这是一张薄膜,它是一个聚合物支架,在这个支架上,科学家放了一些皮肤细胞,并让它们生长
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But skin cells and brain cells and pancreas cells aren't doing the same things.
但皮肤细胞,脑细胞和胰腺细胞,却发挥着完全不同的作用
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Even if that beaker had all the nutrients that skin cells needed they wouldn't survive very well in solution, they tend to need to be stuck to a surface in order to survive.
即使供给它们所有所需的养分,它们也不能在溶液中正常存活,皮肤细胞倾向于贴壁生长
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One way I could try to find the gene for human insulin is to take any cells from any of us, skin cells let's say, and I could identify where on the chromosomal DNA that insulin is likely to occur.
我能找到胰岛素基因的一个方法,是从任意一个人身上任意取一些细胞,比如说皮肤细胞,并且我知道胰岛素基因,可能出现在染色体DNA的哪一部分
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It's really just the result of the virus dividing within cells of your skin, and producing a lot of dead cells.
这便是病毒在皮肤细胞内部,分裂的结果,这个过程会产生大量的死亡细胞
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Maybe they could make skin, maybe they could make other kinds of cells if you treated them the right way.
也许它们能生成皮肤,或者其他种类的细胞,只要你的操作恰当
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And this is what's characteristic of smallpox, is that as the virus spreads through your body, it particularly, it particularly affects cells of your skin.
这是天花的特征,当病毒传遍全身时,它特别的,特别地作用于皮肤细胞
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If you take cells from my skin and disperse them and we'll talk about ways to do that next time, and you try to maintain them in a beaker.
如果从我的皮肤上取出些细胞,并消化它们,具体做法下节课讲,并把它们培养在烧杯里
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Its role is to move molecules around in the body so that they're available to cells everywhere within your body regardless of how close they are to your skin, and we'll talk about that.
它能将分子输送到身体各处,供体内所有的细胞使用,而无论那些细胞多么靠近体表,我们会讲到这些的
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By taking cells from the skin, for example, or cells from your blood or cells from the bone marrow and keeping them alive in culture, we've been able to study how human cells work and learn a lot about the functioning of human organism.
举例来说,通过从人的皮肤,骨髓,或者血液中提取细胞,并在培养基中培养,就能研究人类细胞是如何工作的,并在一定程度上了解人类机体的功能
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Well, it would be useful because if I could take cells from the skin, find stem cells in the skin and then de-differentiate them so that they were now capable of becoming liver, or brain, or things that they're not going to become in their normal site, then that could be a very powerful tool for medicine.
这是因为,如果我能取一些皮肤细胞,找一些皮肤干细胞,并将它们去分化,那它们就能分化成肝脏,大脑或其他一些,它们原本分化不出来的细胞,这可以成为一个医学利器
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If you looked at cells in my pancreas and cells in my brain, and cells in my skin they all have the same DNA.
我的胰腺细胞,脑细胞,和皮肤细胞的DNA都相同
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