It turns out that getting large molecules like this, particularly large charged molecules like nucleic acids, inside of cells is not so easy.

后来证实,将这样的大分子物质,尤其是像核酸这样带有大量电荷的分子,送入细胞不是一件容易的事

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They would naturally hybridize and form a duplex, or a double stranded nucleic acid.

它们会自然杂交并形成双螺旋,或者说双链核酸

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They bring into proximity an amino acid so that instead of forming a new polymer of a nucleic acid, a polymer of an amino acids is formed.

同时它所携带氨基酸相互邻接,从而形成了一个氨基酸聚合物,而非核酸聚合物

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So, if you look in the blood of patients that are infected with Hepatitis B you find a lot of Hepatitis B surface subunits, proteins without the nucleic acid circulating in their blood.

因此,如果你观察一下,已经感染乙肝病毒患者的血液,你会发现许多乙肝病毒的表面亚基,以及血液循环中存在没有核酸的蛋白质

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If I drew this altogether and this is one particular nucleic acid, now shown in more detail, all of the carbons of the pentose are shown here, the phosphate is shown, and a base is shown.

如果我把这个放在一起,这个核酸分子,让你们看得到更多细节,戊糖的五个碳都在这儿,磷酸基在这儿,碱基在这儿

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You've got to be able to make this stuff and you've got to be able to make it in large quantities and we'll talk about how to make nucleic acids in large quantities a little bit later in the lecture.

首先你必须能够合成这种分子,合成出的分子数量必须足够多,我们待会儿会讲到,如何大量合成核酸分子

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Nucleic acids, of which DNA is an example, are polymers of nucleotides.

核酸以及其中的DNA分子就是个例证,核酸就是核苷酸聚合物

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When you think about a gene or a transcript, the messenger RNA copy of a gene, you know that for every sequence of a nucleic acid there's a complimentary sequence.

当你们考虑一段基因或者一个,转录一段基因的mRNA拷贝,你们知道每个核酸序列,都有互补序列

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