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Scientists at the University of Oklahoma are performing genetic tests at the Molecular Anthropology Laboratories in Norman,Oklahoma.
VOA: special.2011.01.18
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And the technique is called, watch because this is a six-letter initialization, linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO-MO into molecular orbital, LCAO-MO.
这项技术是，一个6字母初始设定，原子轨道的线性叠加,成分子轨道。
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So we can go ahead and name our molecular orbital, just like we know how to name our atomic orbitals.
我们可以继续命名分子轨道，就想我们知道如何命名原子轨道一样。
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The researchers used a molecular genetics test to examine fifty showerheads from nine American cities.
VOA: special.2009.10.13
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And I am going to superscript it molecular orbital, and this upper one, to indicate that it's antibonding, has the asterisk.
我将给分子轨道加上标，这个上标，表示反键轨道，有一个星号。
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They are Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge University in England, and Thomas Steitz of Yale University in New Haven,Connecticut.
VOA: special.2009.12.08
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Many labs around the world are interested in finding the molecules and the molecular components of this transduction machinery.
当今世界，有许多实验室热衷于,找出这一能量转换机制的,分子和分子构成。
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That is Beth Shapiro, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University.
VOA: special.2010.09.22
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You go on and you study developmental biology or molecular biology, you'll learn more about these things.
如果你继续学习,发育生物学或者分子生物学,你就会了解更多这方面的知识
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Lin He at the University of California,Berkeley, is a molecular biologist.
VOA: special.2009.10.02
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So any time in a molecular orbital diagram you draw in orbitals, you need to draw the corresponding molecular orbitals.
任何时候你在分子轨道图里画轨道，你都要画出相对应的分子轨道。
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Since we've heard those words before, Warren says our brain has formed a kind of "molecular memory" of them.
VOA: standard.2010.04.05
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And so this lower level is called a bonding orbital, and it is a bonding molecular orbital.
所以能级较低的轨道叫做成键轨道，这就是成键分子轨道。
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Not only that, but most of those genes are of a kind that scientists used to think of as molecular junk.
VOA: standard.2010.04.05
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So, in this case, we're just drawing the molecular orbital diagram for the valence electrons, so we have three for each.
所以在这个例子里面，我们只需要画出,价电子的分子轨道图，所以每个有3个电子。
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"The three laureates have accomplished what many scientists thought impossible, namely to determine the three- dimensional structure of the molecular machine that makes all the proteins in a cell, the so-called ribosome,"
VOA: standard.2009.10.07
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So, I think we have these molecular orbital energies down, so let's move on to talking about more complex molecules.
分子轨道能量就说到这里，让我们继续来讨论一下更复杂的分子。
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At the same hearing, he says in one of the best studies used molecular fingerprinting to follow an outbreak of drug-resistant bacteria: "You actually can trace the specific bacteria around and they find that the resistant strains in humans match the resistant strains in the animals."
VOA: standard.2010.07.21
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So, we'll start today talking about the two kinds of molecular orbitals, we can talk about bonding or anti-bonding orbitals.
今天我们先来,讨论两种分子轨道，我们要讨论成键和反键轨道。
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And this one here, because it is at a higher energy is called antibonding molecular orbital.
这里的这个，因为处在一个较高的能级,被叫做反键分子轨道能级。
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In contrast, the dissociation energy of a bond for hydrogen, and molecular hydrogen is everywhere around us, we see 432 kilojoules per mole.
相反，氢分子在我们周围到处都是，一个氢分子的离解能，是432千焦每摩尔。
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Right, we had one from each atom, so that means we need a total of two in our molecular orbital.
对吧，每个原子有一个电子，这意味着在分子轨道里我们一共需要两个电子。
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So let's draw the electron configuration of hydrogen, the molecule, molecular hydrogen.
让我们来画氢原子的,电子构型，分子，氢分子。
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Whereas in molecular orbital theory, what I'm telling you is instead we understand that the electrons are spread all over the molecule, they're not just associated with a single atom or a single bond.
而在分子轨道理论里，我要告诉你们的时,我们任为电子分布在整个分子中,它们不仅仅是和,一个原子或者一个键有关。
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All right, so we can now see a little bit of what the power of molecular orbital theory is in predicting what kind of bonds we're going to see in molecules, or whether or not we'll see this bonding occur at all.
好了，我们已经可以看到一点,分子轨道理论在预测分子中,所成的键或者分子，能不能成键方面的能力了。
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So when you go ahead and draw these on your problem-sets or on your exams, it's a good idea to put these dashed lines in, both for you and for people reading it to see exactly where your molecular orbitals are coming from.
所以当你在做课后题,或者考试的时候要画这些图时，最好把这些虚线放进去，既方便你自己也方便别人知道,这些分子轨道是从哪里来的。
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So, if we have two atomic orbitals coming together from two different atoms and they combine, what we end up forming is a molecular orbital.
如果我们有两个,不同原子的原子轨道,而且它们组合到一起，我们最后就能得到一个分子轨道。
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So, this means we have a total of six electrons that we need to put into molecular orbitals.
这意味着我们一共有,6个电子要放进分子轨道。
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And again, I want to point out that a molecular orbital, we can also call that a wave function, they're the same thing.
同样，我要指出的是,一个分子轨道，我们也可以叫它波函数，这是一件事情。
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So, let's think of the energy of interaction when we're comparing atomic orbitals to molecular bonding orbitals.
当我们比较原子轨道和分子轨道的时候,我们来考虑一下相互作用能。
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