GINA is a joint effort of the World Health Organization and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of America's National Institutes of Health.

VOA: special.2010.09.07

In the partnership game you were contributing effort to a joint project.

就是参与人共同参与一个合作项目

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.

如果你是一个公司的股东,或者和别人一起做作业及其他合作项目,你们需要注意到因为外部性,实际上每个人都付出了较少的努力

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

He also offered some tough talk. "I emphasized that this has to be a point in time in which we begin to write a new chapter based on improved governance, a much more serious effort to eradicate corruption, joint efforts to accelerate the training of Afghan security forces so that the Afghan people can provide for their own security,".

VOA: standard.2009.11.02