And this spin is an intrinsic quality of the electron, it's a property that is intrinsic in all particles, just like we would say mass is intrinsic or charge is intrinsic.

自旋是电子的本征量，它是所有粒子的本征性质，就像我们说质量是本征的或者电荷是本征的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So what that means is that we're limited in any atom to having two electrons per orbital, right, because for any orbital we can either have a spin up electron, a spin down electron, or both.

这意味着在一个原子内,每个轨道上可以有两个电子，对吧，因为对任何轨道,我们可以有自旋向上或者自选向下或者两者都有。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

You do that eight billion times in your life and you can hit a good top spin backhand.

如果你把这个动作做上八十亿次,那你一定能打个漂亮的反手上旋球

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When we have just a single bond in them molecule, you have all the free rotation you want, you can just spin it around, there's nothing keeping it in place.

当我们在分子力只有一个单键时，你可以随意旋转，你可以让它转起来，没有什么东西能固定住它。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But now, it has come to light that they are the ones that do get credit for first really coming up with this idea of a spin quantum number, and it's interesting to think about how the politics work in different discoveries, as well as the discoveries themselves.

但现在我们,知道他们是,最先想出自旋量子数,这个概念的人，看各种发现中的,政治学是十分有趣的，和发现本身一样有趣。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选