So, that's a homogeneous system, one phase. You have to know if your system is an equilibrium system or not.
所以这是个均匀系统,只有一个相,你得知道你的系统,是不是个平衡系统。
If it's an equilibrium system, then thermodynamics can describe it.
如果它是个平衡系统,那么热力学就能描述它。
And so what I get is the energy of the system at the equilibrium separation is given by minus z plus.
这就是通过减去z+得到得平衡分离时,我得到的能量体系。
With a fractional reserve system you're in an unstable equilibrium.
伴随着部分准备金银行制度,英国的银行业处于一个不平稳的均衡中。
All right, that's the equilibrium system.
好,这是平衡系统。
So, these on-changing properties that describe the state of the equilibrium state of the system are called state variables.
这些描述,系统平衡态的,变化的属性,就叫做状态变量。
We're going to find other properties that do care about the history of the system like work, that you put in the system, or heat that you put in the system, or some other variables But you can't use those to define the equilibrium state.
我们还会发现其他一些,与系统的历史有关的性质,比如你对系统做的功,或者你向系统传递的热量,或其他的变量,但你不能用它们,来定义平衡态。
And so the set of properties that describes system equilibrium doesn't change.
这些描述系统的属性,平衡是不变的。
So this is a system which is out of equilibrium.
所以这是一个不平衡的系统。
But if the system is in equilibrium, none of those states has lower enthalpy.
但是如果系统处于平衡态,所有其他的态都不可能具有更低的自由焓。
So the point is, once you're at equilibrium none of the other states they're accessible, the system could rearrange itself to form them, but there is no accessible state that has higher entropy than the equilibrium state.
所以要点在于,如果你处于平衡态,其他所有的态都无法达到,我们可以重组体统来形成这些态,但没有一个可以达到的态,有比平衡态大的熵。
You need to know if it's an equilibrium, and you also need to know how many components you have in your system So, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, which is a heterogeneous system, has only one component, which is water, H2O.
要知道它是不是平衡的,你还需要知道,你的系统中有多少组分,一杯放了冰块的水,虽然它是个非均匀系统,但它只有一种组分,那就是水。
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