They're start off by frying potatoes, then put the remaining oil into this system to be converted into useable energy.

VOA: standard.2010.04.25

What we're going to start with is discussing photoelectron spectroscopy, which is a spectroscopy technique that will give us some information about energy levels in multielectron atoms.

首先，我们将讨论,光电子能谱，通过这种技术,我们能够得到多电子原子的能级信息。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, ideally what we did see was, in fact, it does have enough energy with the UV lamp, it wasn't a dramatic shift you saw because we didn't start very high and then it went to that stuck point.

所以，理想上我们所看到的，事实上，紫外灯没有足够的能力，因为我们没有从非常高开始,所以它没有一个特别显著的移动,然后它又回到了黏着点。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

"Like for instance, there was a young person who came to me some years back and he said that he wanted to start a solar energy business.

VOA: standard.2010.01.31

If you looked at heteronuclear molecules and you wanted to compute the bond energy, you might start with the bond energies of the two constituents.

如果你看那些相同电子的分子,你想计算共享能，你也许会从,两个组成部分的总能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

He's also decided to give up leadership in Light up the World Foundation to start a company in India that will develop a more energy-efficient and cheaper lighting system that he hopes will bring even more light to the world's poor.

VOA: standard.2009.12.13

They're not interacting at all so that's why the energy is the same as that for two individual atoms, that's what we're dealing with. As we get closer together, we start get lower and lower in energy.

它们之间没有任何相互作用，因此,体系的能量就等于两个分开的原子的能量，这就是我们要处理的，而随着我们的距离越来越近，我们的能量开始变得越来越低。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So how do you feed a city like, for example, Nairobi or many other very large mega-cities with desperately poor people in them where food simply cannot be provided in cities without access to diesel and so on?" Taylor says governments need to start investing in safe and sustainable energy alternatives.

VOA: standard.2009.10.20

So it's going to keep in mind the limitations, so let's start off with talking about ionization energy.

那么让我们将这些局限性记在心里，继续来讨论一下电离能。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, this one can be tricky because oxygen looks like it's in the middle because of the way it's written, but we need to start by looking at the lowest ionization energy.

这个例子可能有些狡猾,因为氧看起来是在中间的,因为它是这样写的，但是我们需要从寻找最低的电离能开始。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And what I am going to do is say start with this ion, add up the energy associated with the interactions between that ion and everybody else in the row and then multiply it by Avogadro's number, because that is the number of atoms there are in a row.

接下来我要从这一离子开始，加上相互作用的能量，也就是这一离子,和其它所有在这一行的离子之间的能量,再乘以阿伏加德罗常数，因为这是在一行的原子的数量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

We start at this lower energy state and go up that means we need to absorb a photon, we have to take in energy.

我们从一个低能级开始，到一个高能级去,这意味着需要吸收一个光子，我们要获得能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Now this is a good place to start, because we are very familiar with ionization energy, we've been talking about it it's that minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

现在这是一个开始下面内容的好地方，因为我们已经很熟悉电离能了，我们从很久以前就一直在讨论,它是从一个原子中,拿走一个电子所需要消耗的最低能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Let's start. Here is the zero. This is energy zero.

开始吧，这是0，这是能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Now what I want to do is take you exactly to this place where we are right now, where we see energy levels and electron filling, but I want to start all over again and I want to use a totally different approach.

现在我想做的是带你们,到达我们现在所处的地方，我们能看到能量级和电子分布的地方，但我想重新开始,而且用一个完全不同的方法。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, if we start instead with talking about the energy levels, we can relate these to frequency, because we already said that frequency is related to, or it's equal to the initial energy level here minus the final energy level there over Planck's constant to get us to frequency.

如果我们从讨论能级开始，我们可以联系到频率上,因为我们说过频率和能量相关,或者说等于初始能量,减去末态能量除以普朗克常数。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Absorption is just the opposite of emission, so instead of starting at a high energy level and dropping down, when we absorb light we start low and we absorb energy to bring ourselves up to an n final that's higher.

吸收就是发射的逆过程,与从一个高能量到低能量不同，当吸收光时，我们从低能量开始,吸收能量到一个更高的能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

we start high and go low, we're dealing with emission where we have excess energy that the electron's giving off, and that energy is going to be equal the energy of the photon that is released and, of course, through our equations we know how to get from energy to frequency or to wavelength of the photon.

当我们从高到低时，我们说的,是发射,电子有多余的能量给出，这个能量等于，发出,光子的能量，当然我们可以通过方程,从能量知道，光子的频率，和波长。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Often a good thing to start with is to put the lowest ionization energy atom in the middle, and if you don't have charge separation then go with that structure, but if you do find you have a lot of separation, such as the case in negative 2, positive 2, and minus 1, then you want to say wait a second, this is really bad in terms of formal charge, let me go ahead and see what other options I have here.

通常一开始把电离能最低的原子,放在中心位置就很好了，如果你发现电荷没有分开,那么这个结构就没问题了，但是如果你发现有很多分开的电荷，比如这种情况，有负二，正二和负一，那么你会想要说等一下，从形式电荷来看这很不好，让我去看看其它可能的选择。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So instead you'd have to maybe if you start with wavelength, go over there, and then figure out velocity and do something more like kinetic energy equals 1/2 n b squared to get there.

这时你要先从波长开始，到这，然后算出速度,然后像动能等于1/2nb平方得到这。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So this is our final equation, and this is actually called the Balmer series, which was named after Balmer, and this tells us the frequency of any of the lights where we start with an electron in some higher energy level and we drop down to an n final that's equal to 2.

把2代入到这里，所以得到1除以,这就是我们最终的方程，这叫做Balmer系，以Balmer名字命名的,它告诉我们从高能级掉到n等于2的,最终能级所发出光的频率。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选