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Copyright arose as a bourgeois idea. That is to say, "I possess my writing. I have an ownership relationship with my writing."
版权是中产阶级提出的思想，意思即是，“我支配自己写作，我对我的作品享有所有权“
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But if you can like, be stable enough to support the entire family, live on the Upper West Side, it's a class. It's a status symbol.
但如果你能住在上西区，让自己足够稳定，并能养活全家，那就是一种类似阶级一样的社会地位的象征了。
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A level of humility, and hyper sensitivity to the suffering of poor people, the oppressed people and working people.
他对穷苦人民，受压迫的人民,以及工人阶级有着极大的谦逊和极高的敏感。
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And Alexander didn't really care that much about the lower classes doing that, but he still wanted the elites.
而亚历山大虽然不在乎,下层阶级如何生活，但他希望同化精英阶层。
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The natural hierarchy, then, seems to be a sort of hierarchy of intelligence or at least a hierarchy of the rational.
自然的阶级制度，似乎是一种智慧的阶级制度,或至少是理性的阶级制度。
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They don't seem to be an ethnic group so much as a marginalized social class, but some have suggested a connection with the word "Hebrew."
他们并不像是少数民族,而更像是边缘化的社会阶级，但有些人指出它与希伯来这个词有关联“
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The percentage of the English population that would have considered themselves to be middle class is extraordinarily large.
在英国人中,自认为是中产阶级的人群占了很大比例
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It's Dickens in part, that stereotype of old London, of the urban working class, but it's not just Dickens. Moby Dick is here too.
其中有狄更斯出现，有对于伦敦及当地工人阶级的,刻板印象，不仅仅是狄更斯的影子，还有《白鲸记》
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The key line in the society of the Dark Ages appears to be certainly not between monarchy and everybody else, but between nobility and commoners.
黑暗时代的社会中,最重要的主线,显然不是君主阶级和平民们之间,而是贵族和平民之间
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Middle-class Puritans like John Milton find themselves upholding the authority of Parliament over the authority of King Charles and over the authority of the official Church of England.
中产阶级的清教徒像弥尔顿，发现自己,把议会的职权看得比国王查尔斯的权力要重,甚至比英格兰正式的教会的权力还重要。
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It seemed to be the regime that divided France least, what Gambetta called the nouvelles couches,or the new social strata, the new social strata,the middle classes,the petty bourgeois.
这看似是最不会导致法国分裂的政体,甘必大称它为新阶层,或新的社会阶层,中产阶级,小资产阶级
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A gentleman had class, rank, and status, and you better recognize it.
有一定阶级,地位,等级,还要被人认可
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but a lot of the things we actually talk about in our classes is
但是在我们不同阶级的交流中，有很多东西
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Some people have argued there's a module for sociology, for dealing with human groups, races and classes and so on.
有些人认为大脑中存在一个社会学模块,用以面对各种人类团体,种族以及阶级等
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In the meantime, Trotsky's book is a shot fired across the bow of those forms of "aestheticism"--quote, unquote -which can be understood as self-involved, self-preoccupied, and indifferent to history and class struggle.
同时，托洛斯基的攻击唯美主义,他这样评价，它,唯美主义可以被理解为一种纯粹的自我欣赏，漠视历史和阶级斗争。
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They did this because they didn't want the upper-class in Rome, who were the elite, they didn't want any one household, or any small group of households, to become too powerful.
因为他们不想罗马的上层阶级，即精英阶层，一户独大。
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By keeping women under the household of the men of their original family, the upper-class Romans tried to balance these different households in size and importance.
所以女子保留娘家的家户关系，有助于罗马上层阶级,平衡不同家户的规模及地位。
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It became a hierarchical society rooted very deeply in open conceptions of class and obviously open conceptions of race.
南方的阶级社会,深深地植根于,广大的阶级观念上和,普遍的种族观念上
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And according to the Book of Joshua, Israel's tribal structure assumed its classical form at this time.
而且根据《约书亚书》,以色列的支派在那时已显示出了阶级形态。
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But the Hobbesian point, the paradox being that the Hobbesian bourgeois cannot entirely dispense with the barbarian, even in its own midst.
这就是霍布斯的悖论,他的资产阶级不可能完全免于野蛮人的挑战,甚至这挑战就来自于资产阶级的内部。
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What it does for him is allow him to buy his aunt this symbol of a middle-class American domesticity, and he is a happy participant in this new purchase.
这让他能够给阿姨,买这个美国中产阶级家庭生活的象征物，而他也很高兴能这么做。
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The middle class guys behind the screen who are going to invest in these long treks.
那些幕后的中产阶级们,他们打算对这些长途贸易投资
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And this is a conservative response to the mobilization of French workers, and this says the working class population won't at all listen to bad advice.
这是对于,法国工人运动的一个保守回应,这意思是,工人阶级,不会听从不合理的建议
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So they would have local, sort of higher class, local elites, would bid for the right to collect local taxes, and so the Romans would take the highest bid.
所以他们安排当地人，算是上层阶级，本地精英，竞拍当地收税权，这样罗马总是能获得最高竞价。
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So Roman slavery and the freedom of that was actually one way that a few people in the Ancient World recognized some kind of social mobility, which was very rare in the Roman Empire.
所以罗马奴隶制以及奴隶释放制,被古代部分人认为是,某种社会阶级流动，在罗马帝国很少见。
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If the land isn't taken up by large oligarchies life slaveholding class--then the small guy has a chance.
如果土地没有被大的垄断方占有,奴隶阶级,弱小的一方就仍会有希望
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It was a threat to hierarchy and the South became quite distinctively a very hierarchical society more on that in just a second.
民主对阶级制度是一大威胁,相对于北方,南方的阶级制度,更根深蒂固
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The middle class in Russia, which I'll talk about on Monday, was just absolutely miniscule.
而俄国的中产阶级,我会在下周一讲到,其所占比例微乎其微
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What this does is it increases the role of this commercial middle class.
这点就增强了中产阶级,在商业中发挥的作用
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And since the city, you remember, is simply the soul at large, the three classes of the city merely express the three parts of the soul.
而因为城市，简言之，即是灵魂的放大版，城市的三个阶级,因此即代表着灵魂的三个部份。
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