So, this pathway might not be the only one that's being activated inside the cell at any given time.

因此,任一时刻细胞内,激活的信号通路不只是一条

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

An example of a drug that works like that is the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen which binds to estrogen receptors and blocks estrogen signaling.

这种药物的一个例子就是他莫昔芬,这是一种抗癌药,能够与雌激素受体结合,阻断雌激素信号通路

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is another example of a second messenger, the inositol lipid pathway.

这是另一个第二信使的例子,磷酸肌醇信号通路

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Depending on what you call external and internal environment, this path that I'm tracing here, deep within your digestive system, is really directly connected to the outside world through both ends.

基于你们所谓的外环境和内环境,我在这里我所指的消化系统内部通路,它的两端确实与外界环境直接相通

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选