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Consider the position of the Israelites in the sixth century, the time of the final editing of the Deuteronomistic history.
想一下以色列在六世纪时的位置，也就是可考证的申命记历史最后编成的时间。
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So it becomes a real watershed for us in dating texts: texts that are happy with the existence of shrines throughout the land of Israel are probably pre-Josiah, pre-622, pre-exilic.
它成了我们考证章节的真正分水岭：,一些章节中有很多圣坛的存在,遍布以色列大地,也许是在约西亚之前，622年之前或者流放之前。
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The precision of that,of course, is not to be taken seriously, but it gives you a general idea of when we are talking about.
当然,这个时间的精确度,并没有经过严格考证,但是它使我们对这件事的时间有个大体的概念
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There are so many people you can't count, because they own nothing.
同时还有很多无从考证的贫困人口
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The last dated event that is mentioned in 2 Kings is something that occurred in 562. That was when King Jehoiachin was released from prison in Babylon, in 562.
列王记》中最后一个有时间考证的事件是,发生在562年的事情，也就是,犹大王约雅斤在562年从巴比伦被释放。
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And one of the things I mentioned a couple of times are some of the debates that occur on the question of dating.
一件我多次提到的事情是,一些关于时间考证的辩论。
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There is a great deal of ideological baggage that is involved in the dating of the sources.
有很多思想包袱,关于这些资料来源的时间考证。
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So when it comes to dating the sources, certainly I would say all scholars agree that the Priestly materials reach their final form in the exile or post-exilic period. So that is the sixth century, right?
因此当说到资源时间考证，我肯定会说,所有学者都同意牧师资源最终成形,在流放或流放后期，也就是六世纪，对吧？
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So what we think we know derives chiefly from archeological evidence, which is before writing--mute evidence that has to be interpreted and is very complicated, and is far from secure.
我们目前所认为的史实,主要都是从考古证据中所得,这些无声的证据出现于文字记录之前,因此就需要繁复的考证及解读,这些考证未必可靠
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There are scholars of all stripes and allegiances who view P as late; and there is some very good objective evidence for dating parts of P to the post-exilic period, just as there is good objective evidence for dating parts of D and the other sources to the post-exilic period.
有各种不同见解的学者认为P资源出现较晚;,而且还有一些有力的客观证据,来确认P资源来自流放后时期，也有有力的客观资料确认D来源的时间考证,也有其他的资料来源于流放后时期。
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