They often involve the generation of what are called 'second messenger' molecules which carry the signal further into the cell.

过程中通常会生成一种叫做,第二信使的分子,将信号更深入地传递至细胞内部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The signal comes in the form of molecules which we're going to call throughout the lecture here 'ligands'.

信号通常以分子的形式来传递,在这门课里我们把这种分子叫做配体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Many neurotransmitters that carry signals between neurons in your brain work this way.

在脑部神经元细胞中,传递信号的神经递质分子的,作用原理就是如此

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Sometimes second messengers collect signals from a variety of different receptor systems, translate them into one kind of internal change, and the cell then just has to know about that one thing changing.

第二信使分子能够收集,来自不同受体系统的信号,将它们转化为同一种细胞内在的变化,这样细胞就只需对一种变化作出反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, in this cartoon here I've shown a variety of different receptors just to show just to remind you of the different families of receptor molecules that could be involved in receiving and translating a signal.

这个动画中,我向你们展示了各式各样的受体,为了让你们记住不同族的受体分子,它们都涉及信号的接受和翻译过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The cell that's producing the signal produces enough of the molecule so that it enters the bloodstream, it circulates throughout your body, eventually it reaches a cell at a great distance, which has a receptor for that ligand and the signal gets received.

发出信号的细胞产生信号分子,数量十分充足 能够进入到血液中,信号随着血液流遍全身,最终到达较远处的细胞,在这些细胞上有与配体配对的受体,信号被细胞接收

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It gets produced in response to a signal so there's a binding of a ligand to a receptor, the enzyme that does this conversion is activated and more cycle AMP is released.

这类分子的产生是对信号做出的一种反应,当配体和受体结合时,催化这种转化过程的酶被激活,更多的cAMP释放出来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选