Well the way to find it is by using a process called electrophoresis and Southern blotting.

找到二者差异的方法称作电泳和,琼脂糖凝胶电泳印迹

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Electrophoresis is described in the chapter here, I'll just describe it briefly.

电泳法的描述在这一章这里,我只是大致解释一下

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It takes advantage of the specificity of the restriction enzymes, the fact that we know what the gene sequence that we're looking for, and using this technological process of electrophoresis to identify changes that we predict.

这个方法利用了限制酶特有的性质,我们知道我们在找什么样的基因序列,从而才能利用电泳这个技术流程,来识别出我们预计的情况

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If this was a sickle patient, so they had this gene instead it wouldn't get cut and when I went to look for that presence of that gene on this gel, it would appear as one large segment instead of a large one and a smaller one.

而如果是个镰状红细胞贫血的病人,他们的基因是不会被限制酶切割的,因此他们基因的凝胶电泳结果就不会呈现,一大一小的结果,而只有一个大的片段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm sure some of you have dealt with electrophoresis gels in the past and it's really just a slab of something like Jell-O where you can put a sample at one end of the Jell-O, your sample of fragmented DNA.

我相信在座肯定有些已经接触过电泳凝胶,真的挺像一块板状果冻的,你可以把一段样本放在"果冻"的一端,你的DNA片段样本

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We're going to take a chromosomal DNA, we're going to digest it with this restriction enzyme, we're going to put it in this tube and run it on a gel, and we're going to see what results down here.

我们取一条染色体DNA,然后用限制酶进行分解,接着再放,在凝胶上进行电泳,之后看看结果如何

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选