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You'll remember that in his search for immortality Utnapishtim Gilgamesh sought out Utnapishtim, the one human who had been granted immortality.
他对永生的追求,吉尔伽美什找到，唯一可以长生不老的人类。
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This image of the afterlife is founded on the orthodox figure for eternity. The body stays to the earth while the soul, like the day-star, rises to the sky.
关于来生的这幅画面是建立在正统基督教,对永生的信仰上的，肉体归于泥土,灵魂却会像启明星一样升上天空。
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I should have read it a lecture or two ago when I started talking about immortality, but I misplaced it.
我应该在一两节课之前读它,即在我开始谈论永生的时候，但是我当时把它放错地方了。
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Second of all the motif of guards who block access to the tree of life suggests that no humans have access to immortality and the pursuit of immortality is futile.
第二点，那些阻止人类接近生命树的守卫,暗示着，任何人类关于永生的尝试,最后都是徒劳一场。
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Secondly, he had sons. Now, this has to do with the Greek idea about immortality and mortality.
第二,他有儿子,这和希腊人关于,永生和死亡的观念有关
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Notice that on the modest view, if we ask ourselves, ? would it have been good to be immortal?
在保守价值容器理论的前提下，如果我们问自己，永生是否是好事？
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So perhaps the best form of life would be not immortality; I think that would be not particularly desirable.
所以生命的最好形式,并不是永生;,那并非十分诱人。
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Well, on the one hand, if we make it be me and similar to me, boredom's going to set in.
一方面，如果永生的是我且与我相似，无聊将成为问题。
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Or, and this is the same: in his unconscious, every one of us is convinced of his immortality.
或者这样说也一样，潜意识里，每个人都相信自己是永生的。
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So before I just leave the subject of immortality, let me conclude with some words of wisdom from a former Miss USA contestant.
所以在结束永生这个话题之前，我就用,前美国小姐参赛者的箴言总结它吧。
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First it may be that Adam and Eve had access to this tree up to that point. As long as their will conformed to the will of God there was no danger to their going on eternally, being immortal.
第一，亚当和夏娃很有可能，可以接近生命树,只要他们遵从上帝的旨意,此时的永生，是没有威胁的。
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The story of the first human pair in the Garden of Eden, which is in Genesis 2 and 3 has clear affinities with the Epic of Gilgamesh, that's a Babylonian and Assyrian epic in which a hero embarks on this exhausting search for immortality.
创世纪2至3，里，伊甸园亚当和夏娃的故事,与《吉尔迦美什史诗》有着密切的联系，《吉尔迦美什史诗》是巴比伦人和亚叙人的,一个英雄竭尽全力追求永生的故事。
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Since, the Greeks really didn't believe in personal immortality, how do you find what everybody wants?
因为希腊人的确不相信个人的永生,你如何找到他们想要什么
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It's compatible with thinking that immortality would be bad to think that in fact death comes too soon.
这与认为永生是坏事的想法相符,而实际上死亡提前来临。
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And then we're going to turn to the question, is it really true that immortality would be good?
然后我们就要问，永生不死真的是好的吗？
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Second question: Even if logic doesn't require that ? is it true that immortality's a good thing?
第二个问题，即使逻辑性不要求,永生真的是好事吗？
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Is there any way to imagine existing forever ? where that would be good for you,forever?
有没有想象永远存在的办法,永生对于你来说是好事吗？
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And so, armed with a soul, as it were, there's at least the possibility of immortality.
因此，拥有一个灵魂，实际上，至少有永生的可能性。
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Whether that's right or not depends on just how bad would it be to be immortal.
它是否正确,取决于永生会有多糟糕。
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Bernard Williams So, I agree with Bernard Williams when he says immortality wouldn't be desirable.
所以我赞同,他说永生不是值得期许的东西。
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So, I don't think an eternity like that would be such a good thing.
我不觉得那样的永生,会是件好事。
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The crucial point here for us is that immortality means not just living a very long time or even an extraordinarily long time, but literally living forever.
这里至关重要的一点是永生,不仅意味着生存很长一段时间,甚至极其漫长的一段时间，而是指永远生存下去。
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It makes me feel even worse that everybody else is stuck dying-- or perhaps we should say dying too soon in light of our discussion about immortality.
所有人都为死而苦恼让我感到更糟糕-,或者我们应该说,按照我们对永生的讨论，是死得太早。
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So being immortal really would be a good thing for you.
所以永生绝对是件好事。
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Then, of course, the greatest form of immorality-- and think of it when you compare it with what was the form of immortality available to Achilles and his fellow heroes.
当然,最伟大的永生形式,当你将它和阿喀琉斯以及跟随他的英雄,获得永生的事迹进行一个比较
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So on balance, " being immortal is a good thing."
所以其结果是，“永生是件好事“
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This is how this logic goes -- we are all familiar with this: our body remains to molder in the earth or welter in the ocean , but our incorporeal spirit rises to heaven where it can enjoy an ethereal, a bodiless, world of eternity.
就是这种逻辑--我们都熟悉这个：,我们的肉体在地下或是海底归于腐朽,但灵魂却会升入天堂,在那里享受无形的永生。
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As you know from reading your Pairy, the sigh reading has dialogue on personal identity and immortality.
读，野狼战北，这本书，里面提到过关于人格同一性,和永生不死的对话。
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Still--the fact that we can put an end to it, that's the point we've already been flagging, that immortality would not be so good.
我们能将之结束的事实，正是我们一直在阐释的观点，就是永生并非好事。
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And so, Socrates' friends ask him, how can we be confident that the soul will survive the death of the body and indeed be immortal?
于是苏格拉底的朋友们就问他,如何才能使我们确信,灵魂会在肉体的消亡中幸存,并且是真正的永生的呢
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