So what they do is, they're describing how these thermodynamic properties change, in terms of only state functions and state variables.

他们的作用是描述,随着状态函数和状态变量的变化，系统的热力性质如何变化。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Normally, we do these things to keep an equilibrium among the different systems of the unconscious, but sometimes it doesn't work.

一般来说，我们会运用这些机制,去维持无意识系统的平衡，但有时防御机制也会不起作用。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

All of the molecules are called hormones, so a hormone is another name for a ligand that operates in this endocrine fashion.

这些分子都叫做激素,那么激素就是在内分泌系统中,起作用的配体的另一种叫法

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We're seeing what they call systemic effects-- that's a very general term that goes beyond insurance.

我们现在看到了它的系统性作用,其影响远远超出了保险业自身

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Part of the problem with using operant conditioning with babies is it's difficult to get them to behave in any systematic way.

应用操作性条件作用的部分问题在于,很难使婴儿们按照系统的方式行动

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We're going to take these general topics and talk about how they work in the nervous system and the immune system next time.

在下节课我会讲这些内容以及,配体-受体系统在神经系统和,免疫系统中的作用原理

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The failure of the assumptions in many different industries can create systemic effects.

这些假定的失败,在很多行业都能产生系统性作用

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Some form what are called megakaryocytes which become platelets, which are responsible for clotting, for forming a barrier if your circulatory system gets injured so you don't bleed.

还有一些类型的细胞称为巨核细胞,生成有凝血作用的血小板,在你的循环系统受损时形成止血屏障

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, one of the advantages of having second messengers is this is one way that you can integrate between different receptor systems that are acting inside a cell.

使用第二信使分子的好处在于,它能够将,作用于细胞内部不同的,受体系统结合起来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

By systemic effects, I mean something that affects the whole financial system.

通过这种系统性作用,我指的那种影响整个金融体系的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Now, you can see why I'm talking about systemic effects.

现在你明白为什么我要说到系统性作用了

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Well, the endocrine system is a body organ system that is specialized in producing these kinds of signals that are used - that accumulate in the blood and are used by cells all over the body.

内分泌系统是一种,作用于周身各器官的系统,它专门产生这些有用的信号,这些信号在血液中聚集,全身各处的细胞都可利用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm talking about systemic effects.

现在我要谈到系统性作用了

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

There's a lot of debate over how much is innate and what the character of the built-in mental systems are but there's nobody who doubts nowadays that a considerable amount for humans and for other animals is built-in.

尽管对于先天存在程度,以及内在心理系统所起的作用,还存在着很多的争论,然而如今的人们已经不再怀疑,先天因素在人类以及其他动物身上,所起到的重要作用。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

There's a whole class of antagonistic drugs that have been designed to influence your cardiovascular system.

现有一大类的拮抗剂类药物,全部是设计作用于心血管系统的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's a very dispersed system but it still works because member banks keep deposits at the Federal Reserve Banks and they're required to keep these deposits.

这是一个非常分散的系统,但是它还是能起到很好的作用因为会员银行,在联邦储备银行里付保证金,并且它们被要求付这些保证金。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

A hormone is just a ligand that operates in this endocrine fashion.

激素只是一种,在内分泌系统中起作用的配体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选