The European Monetary System and the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) are created.
1978年欧洲货币体系与汇率机制（ERM）创建。
In many ways, the crisis resembles the demise of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), a system of currency pegs, in the early 1990s.
从许多方面看，这次危机宣布了欧洲汇率机制(erm)的瓦解。欧洲汇率机制是20世纪90年代初形成的固定汇率制度。
When the Bank of England was trying to keep the pound in the Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992, it had to use its limited foreign-exchange reserves to buy sterling.
1992年英国央行为了保住英镑在汇率机制中的地位就不得不利用它有限的外汇储备来购买白银。
Since 1994, the exchange rate mechanism in China has been "a floating exchange rate under supervision" in name but a fixed exchange rate connected with US dollar in practice.
我国1994年以后的汇率机制，在名义上是“有管理的浮动汇率制”，但实际上却是一种与美元挂钩的固定汇率制度。
Currency pegs are being tested to destruction on the fringes of Europe's monetary union in a traumatic upheaval that recalls the collapse of the Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992.
限制流通使欧洲货币联盟在痛苦难忘的剧变中处于毁灭的边缘，正得到验证，令人想起1992年欧洲汇率机制的崩溃。
Using the currency's 2007 peaks as a guide, the pound has fallen more sharply against the dollar and euro (around 25-30%) than it did after the exit from the Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992.
以其07年的峰值为基准，如今英镑对美元和欧元汇率的下跌(25- 30%)远比1992年其退出汇率机制之后的那次来得剧烈。
The recession in the early 1990s saw a near-continual series of currency crises within Europe's exchange-rate mechanism.
在20世纪90年代早期的经济衰退中，欧洲内部的汇率机制出现了近乎连续的一系列货币危机。
He added that the mood in the City was reminiscent of Black Wednesday, in September 1992, when the UK crashed out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
他还说，现在罗马的气氛让人想起1992年9月的黑色星期三，英国退出欧盟货币汇率机制。
After Italy left the European Exchange rate Mechanism (ERM) and devalued its currency in 1992, for example, it suffered from volatile swings in interest rates due to a lack of investor confidence.
自从1992年意大利退出欧洲汇率机制(ERM)并将自己的货币贬值后，由于投资者信心不足，利率上下波动。
In September 1992 Italy was forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, a pre-euro system of semi-pegged currencies.
1992年9月，意大利被迫脱离欧洲汇率的半挂钩机制。
'The exchange-rate mechanism and the price of the renminbi are in a dynamic process of continuous change,' he said. 'So they will differ in different periods.'
他说，汇率的形成机制、人民币的价格处于不断转变的动态过程，因此在不同的阶段会有所变化。
Britain has managed such a switch before, most recently in the mid-1990s, after the pound fell steeply on its expulsion from the European exchange-rate mechanism.
英国之前曾解决过这样的转变，最近的是在二十世纪九十年代中期，从欧盟汇率机制中排出之后，英镑大幅升值。
When the macro picture started to deteriorate there was a mechanism, a weak exchange rate.
当宏观环境开始恶化的时候，存在一种机制，即疲软的汇率。
RMB Internationalization is dependent on China's economic strength, the convertibility of RMB, and RMB exchange rate formation mechanism.
人民币国际化，取决于我国经济实力，取决于人民币可兑换，取决于人民币汇率形成机制。
Changes in the exchange rate are the "automatic" mechanism for adjusting to achieve external balance.
汇率的变化是“自动”调整，以实现外部平衡的机制。
He described Britain's entry into the European Exchange Rate Mechanism as an historic move.
他将英国加入欧洲汇率机制描述为具有历史意义的一步。
In September 1992 the same country was booted out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
1992年9月，同样是英国，爆发了欧洲汇率机制危机。
We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.
继续完善人民币汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。
RMB exchange rate formation mechanism is built on the common project of RMB convertibility on the basis of.
人民币汇率形成机制是建立在人民币常用项目可兑换的基础上的。
Forward rate fixed price and risk management, in the new exchange rate forms under the mechanism to become day by day the important question.
远期汇率的定价和风险管理在新的汇率形成机制下成为日趋重要的问题。
The mechanism for determining the central parity of RMB exchange rate was improved, and the RMB was included in the International Monetary Fund's special drawing rights (SDR) basket.
完善人民币汇率中间价形成机制，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权（SDR）货币篮子。
The mechanism for determining the central parity of RMB exchange rate was improved, and the RMB was included in the International Monetary Fund' s special drawing rights (SDR) basket.
完善人民币汇率中间价形成机制，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权（SDR）货币篮子。
Third, a country's exchange rate mechanism is determined by its economic conditions. And any change in the exchange rate policy is a response to the overall economic situation of the country.
第三，一国的汇率形成机制是由一国的经济决定的，汇率的变动也是由经济的综合情况决定的。
RMB exchange rate mechanism is established in RMB convertibility used on the basis of the project.
人民币汇率形成机制是建立在人民币常用项目可兑换的基础上的。
In the framework of productivity-induced economy growth, this research discusses, in the perspective of exporting firms, the micro mechanism through which exchange rate affects the productivity.
本研究从出口企业行为出发，探讨汇率变动对生产率的微观影响机制，将其刻画为内涵经济增长。
Central bank will continue to maintain the RMB exchange rate to be stable on the equilibrium basis under the new RMB rate forming mechanism.
新的人民币汇率形成机制下，央行继续维护人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。
The reputation mechanism of the exchange rate policy, has considered as the most convincing research idea about the current analyzing issue of the maintenance of the fixed exchange rate regime.
汇率政策信誉机制，被看作是当前分析固定汇率制可维持问题上最具说服力的一种研究思路。
The discussion on whether RMB's exchange rate remains stable or appreciates should at first be directly focused on the decisive mechanism of it, rather than the influences of its appreciation.
讨论人民币稳定还是升值的问题应首先直接讨论人民币汇率的决定机制而不是升值所产生的影响。
The discussion on whether RMB's exchange rate remains stable or appreciates should at first be directly focused on the decisive mechanism of it, rather than the influences of its appreciation.
讨论人民币稳定还是升值的问题应首先直接讨论人民币汇率的决定机制而不是升值所产生的影响。
应用推荐