Psychologists call this problem in belief formation the vividness effect (Stanovich, 2007).
心理学家称这为“激动效应”。
What this means, says Stanovich, is that "intelligent people perform better only when you tell them what to do".
Stanovich指出：这一事实表明“只有在被告知了要做什么之后，聪明的人才能表现得更好”。
The wizard didn't actually give the scarecrow a brain, the tin man a heart, and the lion courage, but they all felt better anyway (Stanovich, 2007).
巫师实际上并没有给稻草人一个脑子，给锡人一颗心，给狮子勇气，但他们却或多或少感觉到具有了这些东西(Stanovich, 2007)。
The wizard didn’t actually give the scarecrow a brain, the tin man a heart, and the lion courage, but they all felt better anyway (Stanovich, 2007).
巫师实际上并没有给稻草人一个脑子，给锡人一颗心，给狮子勇气，但他们却或多或少感觉到具有了这些东西(Stanovich, 2007)。
The wizard didn’t actually give the scarecrow a brain, the tin man a heart, and the lion courage, but they all felt better anyway (Stanovich, 2007).
巫师实际上并没有给稻草人一个脑子，给锡人一颗心，给狮子勇气，但他们却或多或少感觉到具有了这些东西(Stanovich, 2007)。
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