Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
在现代条件下，这要求不同程度的中央控制，因此需要获得专业科学家的帮助，例如经济学家和运筹学领域的专家。
Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
在模拟条件下，这需要各种集中的调控并因此需要诸如经济学家和动态分析师等专家们的帮助。
Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
其他科学家从事同行评议的专业工作也是免费的，因为这是获得学术地位和产出科学知识的一个核心因素。
That’s why we as doctors and scientists have become ever more finely specialized.
这也是为什么医生和科学家们的分工越来越细微，越来越专业化。
Scientists who want to do more advanced work may become even more specialized.
科学家们想要进行高深的研究，就可能甚至更加专业化。
Recently, scientists discovered a species of frog specialized only for breeding inside empty Brazil nut pods.
最近，科学家们发现了一种青蛙，它们在空的巴西坚果荚里养育后代。
Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do.
科学家和工程师设计出专门的机器来完成曾经是只有人类才能完成的任务。
When scientists take stem cells and turn them into specialized cells, they do so by changing the levels of a few transcription factors, he explained.
他解释说，当科学家提取干细胞并将其转化为特化细胞时，所做的就是改变某些转录因子的水平。
That's why we as doctors and scientists have become ever more finely specialized.
这也是为什么医生和科学家们的分工越来越细微，越来越专业化。
Until now, scientists believed that specialized cells could not be used to form a complete living thing.
在此之前，科学家相信特化细胞不能被用来形成完整的生命体。
Until now, scientists believed that specialized cells could not be used to form a complete living thing.
在此之前，科学家相信特化细胞不能被用来形成完整的生命体。
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