The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study.
共病是指相对于原始诊断或相对于研究主题所指病情而言，共同存在或附加的疾病。
The conductivity of a solution is sensitive to the presence of impurities, so its value is meant to be more an index of impurity than a characteristic constant.
溶液的电导率对杂质的存在是很敏感的。这就意味着电导率的数值随存在杂质的不同而异，而不只是一个特征常数。
Conclusion: Respiratory variation of SVC systolic forward flow was a sensitive index for evaluating presence and severity of PH in patients with COPD.
结论：SVC收缩期正向血流的呼吸变化性是检测COPD患者肺动脉高压的敏感指标。
Foods high on the glycemic index can cause glucose levels to spike, but this is just an indicator of the presence of diabetes, not the root cause.
含糖高的食物能引起血糖升高达峰值，但血糖高只是有糖尿病的一个标志，而不是根本病因。
Foods high on the glycemic index can cause glucose levels to spike, but this is just an indicator of the presence of diabetes, not the root cause.
含糖高的食物能引起血糖升高达峰值，但血糖高只是有糖尿病的一个标志，而不是根本病因。
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