To express integrated optimization of multiple hubs location and mixed network design, a bi-level programming model was introduced for mathematical models.

为了描述多枢纽选址与混合网络设计综合优化问题，引入了双层规划模型建立数学模型。

youdao

To express integrated optimization of multiple hubs location and mixed network design, a bi-level programming model was introduced for mathematical models.

为了描述多枢纽选址与混合网络设计综合优化问题，引入了双层规划模型建立数学模型。

youdao