With no field surveys, no paperwork and no middlemen, transaction costs are minimal.
由于没有实地调查，没有研究报告，没有中间商，交易的成本达到了最小。
In particular, the minimal price of the European down-and-in call option under transaction costs is obtained, which can be used as the actual price of an option.
特别地，在考虑交易费的情况下我们得到了欧式下降敲入看涨期权的最小值，即期权的实际价值。
In particular, the minimal price of the European down-and-in call option under transaction costs is obtained, which can be used as the actual price of an option.
特别地，在考虑交易费的情况下我们得到了欧式下降敲入看涨期权的最小值，即期权的实际价值。
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