The incomplete contract and asset specificity cause the hold-up problem in transaction, which brings about the rising of production cost and transaction cost.
不完全契约和资产专用性引致了交易中的敲竹杠问题，带来生产成本和交易成本的上升。
The problem is that the transistors used to make logic circuits hold their electronic state, and therefore any data they contain, only when powered up.
问题是，用来制造逻辑电路的晶体管中保留着它们的电子态，因此当这些晶体管通电的时候，它们会包含任何可能的数据。
But that happens a lot, and we don't know if it was a paperwork problem or an intentional hold-up.
但这种事情常常发生，我们不知道这是由于文书问题，还是有意耽搁。
The hold up problem is particularly severe in the IT sector.
套牢问题在IT领域尤为严重。
Thus, joint asset ownership not only can resolve the problem of physical capital specificity, but also is an effective way to resolve the hold up problem of human capital.
因此，联合所有权不仅可以解决物质资本专用性问题，也是解决人力资本套牢问题的有效途经。
I propose that we hold a meeting to discuss the problem and see if we can come up with a better solution.
我建议我们开会讨论一下这个问题，看看我们能否拿出更好的解决办法。
Vertical integration can effectively resolve the problem of physical capital specificity, but it is helpless to resolve the hold up problem of human capital specificity.
纵向一体化可以很好地解决物质资本的专用性问题，然而对人力资本专用性造成的“套牢”无能为力。
Another example. When Chinese people talk about the Women problem, we often use "women hold up half the sky".
再一个，书上有讲到妇女问题的时候，我们中国人往往要讲“妇女半边天”。
Another example. When Chinese people talk about the Women problem, we often use "women hold up half the sky".
再一个，书上有讲到妇女问题的时候，我们中国人往往要讲“妇女半边天”。
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