Arnold Kling is an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute and a member of the Mercatus Center working group on financial markets.

作者Arnold Kling是卡托研究所的兼职学者，Mercatus中心金融市场工作小组成员。

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They help to hedge investment risks and guarantee the security, liquidity and profitability of markets. They are also a necessary condition to establish an international financial center.

它不仅有助于金融主体规避风险，保证市场的安全性、流动性和盈利性，同时也是建立国际金融中心的必备条件。

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Since 2008, the worldwide financial crisis has swept away the whole global which took the U. S. as the center. The stock indexes of most stock markets dived.

2008年以来，以美国为中心的世界性金融危机横扫全球，各国股指全面大幅下跌，全球经济增长普遍放缓。

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Since 2008, the worldwide financial crisis has swept away the whole global which took the U. S. as the center. The stock indexes of most stock markets dived.

2008年以来，以美国为中心的世界性金融危机横扫全球，各国股指全面大幅下跌，全球经济增长普遍放缓。

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