Practitioners must be familiar to some degree with medical specialties and, especially in health maintenance organizations, are now often gatekeepers who refer patients to specialists when necessary.

开业医生必须对一些医学专科有某种程度的了解，尤其要熟悉保健组织，他们通常是第一线的把关者，必要时可把病人转介给专科医生。

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Practitioners must be familiar to some degree with medical specialties and, especially in health maintenance organizations, are now often gatekeepers who refer patients to specialists when necessary.

开业医生必须对一些医学专科有某种程度的了解，尤其要熟悉保健组织，他们通常是第一线的把关者，必要时可把病人转介给专科医生。

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