在美国，吸烟是食管癌的主要元凶。
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of esophageal cancer in the United States.
食管癌- 35%的案例或5 800人。
包括：1、食管癌的形态定量学研究。
As follows: 1, Morphometry research of esophageal carcinoma.
他们现在弥补一半的癌症诊断食管癌。
目的探讨和总结食管癌患者手术后的护理。
Objective To investigate and sum up the post-operative patients with esophageal cancer care.
手术治疗仍是高龄食管癌的首选治疗方式。
The surgical operation is the first treatment way for the elder patients with esophagus cancer.
目的：探讨食管癌术后乳糜胸的防治方法。
Objective:To investigate the prevention and treatments for chylothorax following esophagectomy.
目的探讨食管癌同时伴有肺部肿块的处理方法。
Objective To explore the method for treatment of esophageal cancer with lung phyma.
目的：研究端粒酶在切除食管癌标本中的活性。
Objective:To study the activity of telomere enzyme in esophageal carcinoma.
目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的特点及其规律。
Objective To study the pattern and feature of lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma.
目的：不能手术的食管癌同步放化疗的疗效观察。
Objective: To study the clinical effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.
为探讨食管癌手术前后患者外周血细胞的凋亡情况。
To study apoptosis of peripheral blood cell of esophageal carcinoma patients.
方法分析46例高龄食管癌贲门癌患者住院临床资料。
Methods 46case of elderly patients with esophageal and cardia cancer were analysed.
他们也该被警告吸烟的同时饮酒更会增加食管癌的风险。
They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
目的：观察黄芪增免散对围手术期食管癌间质反应的影响。
Objective: To observe the effect of Huangqi Zengmian Powder (HQZMP) on interstitial response of esophageal cancer at peri operational period.
在发达国家，卫生专家将食管癌同吸烟和喝酒联系了起来。
In developed countries, health experts have linked esophageal cancer to smoking and alcoholic drinks.
比如，人们还不知道现在正流行食管癌，而这一病症是非常难以治疗的。
People don't know there is an epidemic of cancer of the oesophagus, for example, which is very hard to treat.
结论：黄芪增免散对围手术期食管癌患者免疫功能有改善作用。
Conclusion: HQZMP could improve the immune function of esophageal patients in peri operational period.
对肺和食管癌的任何益处限于腺癌，它在非吸烟者中是最常见的。
Any benefit for lung and esophageal cancer was limited to adenocarcinomas, which are most commonly seen in nonsmokers.
食管癌切除，术中作预防性胸导管结扎，可减少乳糜胸的发生率。
Preventive surgical ligation of thoracic duct during the course of esophageal carcinoma resection can reduce the incidence of postoperative chylothorax.
目的探讨如何降低食管癌贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的发生率、死亡率。
Objective To investigate how to depress the fistula incidence and the death rate after the operation of the esophageal and cardia cancer.
目的：综合评价CT和钡餐造影在食管癌诊断和治疗中的应用价值。
Objective: To evaluate comprehensively the clinical value of ct and esophageal barium meal in esophageal carcinoma.
结论食管癌贲门癌术后膈疝并非罕见，应争取早期诊断，及时治疗。
Conclusion: It is not rare of the diaphragmatic hernia after surgery of oesophagus cancer or cardia cancer. We should try to make the earlier diagnosis and treatment.
目的提高食管癌放疗的疗效，防治放疗并发症，提高患者的生活质量。
Objective: To improve curative effects and decrease complications and increase living quality of esophageal carcinoma patients.
方法对食管癌手术后患者，在治疗期间密切观察病情并做好相应护理。
Methods Patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, closely observed in the treatment of illness and make proper care.
如将男女结合起来，则发现血糖增高可增加口咽癌和食管癌的思维风险。
For men and women combined, higher glucose increased the risk of death from oropharyngeal and esophageal cancers.
如将男女结合起来，则发现血糖增高可增加口咽癌和食管癌的思维风险。
For men and women combined, higher glucose increased the risk of death from oropharyngeal and esophageal cancers.
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