为了得到与葡萄酒有关的一切，我们请来了最好的葡萄酒专家马特·斯金纳。
And to clue us up on all things wine related we have called upon only the best in wine expert Matt Skinner.
接着我为大家概要地介绍了，一些基本的心理学知识，介绍了弗洛伊德和斯金纳的学说。
And then we moved to some general introductions to some foundational ideas in the study of psychology, Freud and Skinner.
如果斯金纳只是研究老鼠鸽子或是狗，他就不会拥有如此巨大的有影响力了，但他宣称，这些概念是可以应用到，人类以及人类行为中去的。
If Skinner kept the focus on rats and pigeons and dogs, he would not have the impact that he did but he argued that you could extend all of these notions to humans and to human behavior.
实际上，斯金纳也确实明确地，对物种的自然选择，同行为的自然选择进行过类比。
And in fact, Skinner explicitly made the analogy from the natural selection of species to the natural selection of behavior.
为了说明斯金纳的操作性条件作用理论，我会给大家举一个训练猪的例子。
So, to illustrate Skinnerian theory in operant conditioning, I'll give an example of training a pig.
斯金纳喜欢新品能接连不断的出现，但是他说，在麦当劳历史上以此观点的话，另一个大爆发就不可能出现了。
Skinner likes a new hit product as much as the next guy, but, he says, at this point in McDonald's history another breakout blockbuster is unlikely.
“这是非常简单的一步，我们就可以开始预防一种或许会致命但肯定是严重的癌症。”斯金纳女士说。
"It is a very easy step that we can take to prevent a sometimes deadly but certainly serious form of cancer," Ms. Skinner said.
当纳斯·雷金还是个孩子时，从来不按照别人所说的去做。所以他爸爸想要他去做某事时，常叫他做相反的事。
When Nasreddin was a boy, he never did what he was told, so his father always told him to do the opposite of what he wanted him to do.
受害者斯金纳据说是在开普敦度假，为了本月参加他合伙人女儿的婚礼。
Skinner was reportedly on holiday in Cape Town for the month to attend the wedding of his partner's daughter.
弗洛伊德和斯金纳的理论解释了上述一切。
斯金纳知道餐厅是唯一的收银台铃响的地方。
Skinner knows the restaurants are the only place the cash register rings.
“这总会很危险，一些人不会这么生存下去”斯金纳说，“我的目标就是我总喜欢和比我聪明的人在一起，而我对此却毫无畏惧。”
"That's always a danger, and some people can't live with that," Skinner says. "I always like to say that my goal is to surround myself with people smarter than I am."
昨天，四艘救援船和一架直升飞机徒劳无功地搜寻斯金纳，今天搜寻工作再度展开。
Four rescue boats and a helicopter searched in vain for Skinner yesterday and resumed the hunt today.
但斯金纳对自己的领导能力却充满了信心——好像这位“龙套”一直在默默磨练演技，时刻在为大制作做准备。
But Skinner's leadership has been utterly self-assured -- it is as though the walk-on had been quietly practicing for his big shot all along.
斯金纳也不能被免除拥有“为现在准备”的人。汤姆森已被分析师广泛认为是其明晰的接任者。
Skinner isn't exempt from having a "ready now," and Thompson is widely believed by analysts to be his heir apparent.
皮亚杰要比弗洛伊德或是斯金纳成功很多,原因有以下几点
Now, Piaget fared a lot better than did Freud or Skinner for several reasons.
斯金纳没有阻止她，而是转向那位特许经营者，问他带上领结是多难的事吗？
Skinner didn't stop her, instead turning to the franchisee to ask him how hard it would be to put on a tie.
斯金纳面对麦当劳此前从未遇到的大量的竞争者。
Skinner faced a range of competitors that McDonald's had never had before.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
更好玩的是，斯金纳喜欢教动物们打乒乓球。
More recreational, Skinner was fond of teaching animals to play Ping-Pong.
为了刺激顾客的消费额度，提高他们消费频率，斯金纳带领麦当劳致力于建立快餐行业所谓的“平台”，而不是昙花一现的产品。
To entice consumers to buy more — and more often — McDonald's under Skinner has pursued what the fast-food industry calls "platforms" rather than one-hit wonders.
他往斯金纳箱里扔了一只饥饿的鸽子，每15秒喂一次。
A hungry pigeon was placed in a Skinner box and fed once every 15 seconds.
也许贝尔先生也在考虑同样的问题：他向来访者介绍60岁的副总裁吉姆·斯金纳时总是称他为“掌舵高手”。
Perhaps Mr Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the "steady hand at the wheel".
斯金纳先生和罗伯茨先生都是1970年代就加入公司的资深管理人员。
Mr Skinner and Mr Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s.
当斯金纳成为总裁时麦当劳就停止增长。
McDonald's growth had stalled when Skinner became the chief executive.
所以在今天和星期一，我们将学习两大心理理论，其代表人物分别是，西格蒙特·弗洛伊德和，伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳，这两个理论便是精神分析理论，和行为主义理论。
So today and Monday we're going to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
他说“那时我家在那，如果我想花钱，就必须自己挣。”斯金纳的父亲是为砖匠。
"I was in a family where, if I wanted to have any spending money, I had to work," says Skinner, whose father was a bricklayer.
在当天早上时分，坎塔卢坡在准备发表了整改成功的演讲时，因心脏病突发在斯金纳隔壁房间辞世。
In the early morning hours the day Cantalupo was to give his remarks, a victory speech of sorts, he had a heart attack and died in the room next to Skinner's.
在当天早上时分，坎塔卢坡在准备发表了整改成功的演讲时，因心脏病突发在斯金纳隔壁房间辞世。
In the early morning hours the day Cantalupo was to give his remarks, a victory speech of sorts, he had a heart attack and died in the room next to Skinner's.
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