睡眠负债的来源有两种：部分睡眠不足和整体睡眠不足。
There are presumed to be two kinds of sleep debt, caused by partial sleep deprivation or total sleep deprivation.
这解释了为什么我们缺少睡眠时，认知能力会下降：这时的我们即使不是半睡状态，也是部分睡眠。
That could explain why our sleep-deprived selves are so cognitively challenged: We are, if not precisely half-asleep, partially asleep.
更多的近来的研究把慢性部分睡眠剥夺和医学疾病联系到了一起，包括肥胖，糖尿病和高血压。
More recent studies have tied chronic partial sleep deprivation to medical problems, including obesity, diabetes and hypertension.
实际上，研究发现即使人们只是被剥夺了一小部分睡眠，也会对我们的身体、心情、认知能力和生产力造成很大的影响。
In reality, the research suggests that even small amounts of sleep deprivation take a significant toll on our health, our mood, our cognitive capacity and our productivity.
接下来的五个晚上他们/她们经历了慢性部分睡眠剥夺，每晚被允许卧床休息四个小时，剩余的时间灯需开着，可以通过读书、玩游戏、看电影使他们/她们保持清醒。
The next five nights they underwent chronic partial sleep deprivation, where they were allowed four hours in bed per night.
这表明补觉可以弥补部分但不是全部睡眠缺乏造成的损害，考虑到有很多成年人每晚都没有得到他们所需的睡眠时间，这令人鼓舞。
That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep deprivation causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night.
一些创造力专家相信缺乏睡眠可以激发生存的本能从而开辟出大脑中未使用的部分。
Some creativity experts believe a lack of sleep draws on a survival instinct that opens up unused portions of your mind.
睡眠是我们日常生活中很重要的一个部分，它可以让我们在第二天的活动中保有活力。
Sleep is an essential part of our daily lives because it allows us to rejuvenate for the following day’s activities.
很清楚的是，眼睛内的受体对可以察觉的蓝光部分会有所反应，以这样一种方式与所分布的睡眠褪黑激素起作用。
What is clear is that receptors in the eye react to the visible blue part of the light, to work in such a way with the distribution of the sleep hormone melatonin.
完整的记忆会得到巩固增强，尤其是那些特别需要的部分，睡眠使得大脑使用跟我们清醒情况下学习任务时所不同区域执行这项工作。
The entire memory got strengthened, but especially the parts that needed it most, and sleep was doing this work by using different parts of the brain than were used while learning the task.
大脑实现这个进步，至少部分原因是因为在睡眠时候把记忆转移到这些序列上。
The brain accomplishes this improvement, at least in part, by moving the memory for these sequences overnight.
这是因为位于大脑后端右上部分的下丘脑管理着人体许多的功能，包括睡眠、体温、口渴和饥饿。
It's the hypothalamus, which sits right above the brain stem and regulates a variety of functions, including sleep, body temperature, thirst and hunger.
我们都知道有一个充足的睡眠对于生活以及保持高效与健康而言是非常重要的一个部分。但是当你无法控制你的睡眠时应该怎么办呢？
We've all heard that getting enough sleep is an important part of living your best life and staying productive and healthy... but what about those times when getting sleep is out of your control?
当病人大脑脑干的“脑桥”部分被废，快速眼部活动(REM)睡眠不再出现。
When a part of the brain stem known as the pons is destroyed, people no longer experience REM sleep.
这包括那种时间慢慢的流逝的感觉和其他多相睡眠带来的有益的部分。
I'm enjoying the seemingly slower passage of time and the whole package of benefits this method of sleep entails.
丘脑是大脑中负责睡眠调控的部分，致死性家族性失眠症正是由于一种异常蛋白质“朊蛋白”在丘脑中的累积产生的。
F.F.I. is caused by anaccumulation within the thalamus — the part of the brain that controlssleep regulation — of abnormal proteins called “prions.”
我们中的大部分人超过了40岁------好吧-----50岁------有一些夜间睡眠问题。
Most of us over 40 — OK, 50 — have some trouble sleeping through the night.
佩恩和肯辛格在研究睡眠中记忆的发生了什么，他们发现一个人在睡眠时往往会停留在记忆中最激动的部分。
Payne and Kensinger study what happens to memories during sleep, and they have found that a person tends to hang on to the most emotional part of a memory.
正如我刚才说的，大部分人需要每天大约8小时的睡眠来保证我们处于最好的状态。
As I've said before, most of us need around 8 hours of sleep each night to function at our best.
很多人认为糟糕的睡眠是变老的正常组成部分，其实不然。
Many people believe that poor sleep is a normal part of aging, but it is not.
蛇在大部分时间里只是睡眠，每隔几天，只有在采蛇毒时才唤醒它们。
The snakes sleep most of the time and are awakened every few days for milking.
好的睡眠也是健康的一个必不可少的组成部分。
大部分老年人已经注意到身体上的变化常常防碍他们的睡眠。
Most elderly people notice that their sleep is interrupted by other changes in their bodies.
此外，REM睡眠并非整个睡眠中唯一重要的部分，：慢波睡眠也是同样至关重要的。
And REM sleep was not the only important component: slow-wave sleep was equally crucial.
此外，REM睡眠并非整个睡眠中唯一重要的部分，：慢波睡眠也是同样至关重要的。
And REM sleep was not the only important component: slow-wave sleep was equally crucial.
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