基于边际价格理论，提出考虑系统电压安全风险的无功定价数学模型。
Based on margin pricing theory, a new mathematic model is proposed for reactive power pricing taking voltage security risk into account.
利润，并不像一般想象的那样，仅仅简单的依靠销售额，同时和凯恩斯所强调的边际成本和价格之间有着不同一般的关系。
Profits do not simply depend on sales volume, as commonly believed, but also on the critical relationship Keynes emphasized between marginal costs and prices.
模型的模拟结果阐释了在什么情况下附属商品的价格应该比生产它们的边际成本更高、更低或者一致。
Model simulations illustrate that the regressions can be used to predict whether aftermarket prices should be above, below or equal to their marginal cost.
非竞争性意味着有效价格为零，因为增加一个观众的边际成本为零。
Nonrivalry has the implication that the efficient price is zero, since the marginal cost of another viewer is zero.
现在，英杰华依靠出售新型人寿险种，其利润边际始创新高，与十年前6%的增长率相比，股票价格增长了10%。
Aviva is now selling new life policies with record profit margins in a market where its share has increased to more than 10% from 6% a decade ago.
他的重点是：一件商品的生产边际成本是零，因此价格也是零。
His central thesis: as the marginal cost of creating a product drops towards zero, its price will do the same.
价格不菲的硬盘驱动器(固定成本)可服务成千上万的用户(边际成本)。
That expensive bank of hard drives (fixed costs) can serve tens of thousands of users (marginal costs).
但同时许多企业具有一定的市场势力或者说是垄断势力，这意味着他们能够长期将价格定在边际成本之上。
However, there are many firms that have market power or monopoly power, which means that they can increase their price above marginal cost and sustain sales for a long period of time. [1].
玉米的价格同样对于Corn pop的边际利润造成了影响。
There is also profit margin pressure on corn Pops because of the sharp increase in corn prices.
这样，垄断者将选择生产当边际收益与边际成本相同时的产量qm。 然后向市场收取那个产量下市场能够承受的最大价格p(qm)。
Thus, a monopoly chooses a quantity qm where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, and charges the maximum price p(qm) the market will bear at that quantity.
(作为区域垄断，他们的价格被设定，边际效益由监管者保证)他们坚实牢固的信用评级可能被溶解。
(As regional monopolies, their prices are set and their profit margins are guaranteed by regulators.) their solid credit ratings could liquefy.
原料价格上升降低了边际利润。
实际上，“因为大多数企业都能够提升价格，或者增加产量”，所以当人民币对美元升值时，其“边际效益完全没有被削弱”。
In fact, "because most firms were able to raise either prices or productivity, margins did not fall at all" when the yuan rose against the dollar.
计算出低于价格线区域就是大于边际成本的区域。
Calculated as area below the price line that is above marginal cost.
我要去买一个，因为我的边际价值超过了市场价格。
I'm going to buy one, because my marginal value exceeds the market price.
经济学告诉我们在长期中，价格降至边际成本。
Economics tells us that prices fall to marginal cost in the long run.
在信息是不完全的市场中，价格不可能等于边际成本。
In markets with imperfect information, price cannot equal marginal cost.
如果没有充分理由认为市场价格偏离了社会边际成本，市场价格就是很好的尺度。
Market prices serve well if there is no strong reason to believe they depart from social marginal costs.
然而在阻塞费用对阻塞线路的分摊中，目前提出的影子价格法和边际微增法仍存在一些不合理的地方。
Unfortunately in the congestion cost allocation to congested lines, the shadow price method and the marginal and incremental method existed have some defects.
供应商的信息售价或传播价格正在下跌，趋于边际成本，而边际成本则接近零，而且一般都不能负担全部成本。
The price for their information or distribution is dropping towards marginal cost, which is close to zero and typically does not cover full cost.
模型对系统边际电价和“价格钉”具有良好的预测能力。
The model can be used to forecast the system marginal price and price spike for.
因市场缺乏引起市场价格偏离社会边际成本是，用影子价格来调整市场价格。
Shadow prices adjust market prices for deviations from social marginal costs due to market imperfections.
系统边际电价作为电力市场最终的交易价格，对电力交易有着重要的影响。
System marginal price SMP determines the final electrical price and greatly influences the electricity trade.
研究结果表明，为了实现既定的需求价格弹性或边际收益，对应的需求函数有无穷多个。
The results show that there are infinite demand functions which can realize given demand price elasticity and given marginal return.
不存在外部市场时，以中间产品的边际成本为转移价格优于协议价和标准成本价。
If there are not external markets, taking the marginal cost of intermediate products as the transfer price is better than the bargain price or standard cost.
消费者选择两种商品的消费以便边际替代率等于相对价格。
The consumer chooses consumption of the two goods so that the marginal rate of substitution equals the relative price.
在那种情况下，边际替代率不必等于价格比率。
In that case the marginal rate of substitution need not equal the ratio of the prices.
无功功率实时电价具有丰富的系统边际成本信息，是计算电力市场下的无功功率价格的一种较好的方法。
The spot price of the reactive power contains rich information about the marginal operational cost of the power system. It's a good measure for computing the reactive power price on power market.
生产者考虑到资源有限等问题，纷纷开始大力合理的分配资源以确保高效率，不过此效率皆由价格杠杆及边际成本而定。
Given the limited resources, producers are being motivated to allocate the resources properly to ensure highest efficiency, which is determined by the equality of price and marginal cost.
生产者考虑到资源有限等问题，纷纷开始大力合理的分配资源以确保高效率，不过此效率皆由价格杠杆及边际成本而定。
Given the limited resources, producers are being motivated to allocate the resources properly to ensure highest efficiency, which is determined by the equality of price and marginal cost.
应用推荐