语义互操作性就是正确地解析数据。
Syntactic interoperability is all about parsing data correctly.
由于各种原因，语义互操作性很难实现。
Semantic interoperability is very difficult to achieve for various reasons. The following are examples of why this happens.
可以采用很多模式在SOA中实现语义互操作性。
There are many patterns for achieving semantic interoperability in a SOA. They can be roughly classified by the following.
最佳实践一：建立一个研究语义互操作性的核心业务部。
Best practice one: Establish a Center of Competency on semantic interoperability.
广而言之，大多数信息集成都是对语义互操作性进行处理。
In a broader sense, most information integration deals with semantic interoperability.
存在论增强了服务发现、建模、汇集、协调和语义互操作性。
Ontologies enhance service discovery, modeling, assembly, mediation, and semantic interoperability.
因此，语义互操作性通常会在SOA的开发过程中被忽略。
Therefore, it is commonly overlooked in the development of SOA.
企业应以平衡的观点来考虑采用不同的语义互操作性模式所带来的利弊。
Enterprises should take a balanced view to consider the trade-off of adopting different patterns of semantic interoperability.
我们的第二个假设是，我们处在一个信息时代，语义互操作性的挑战只会增加。
Our second assumption is that we are in an information age, and the challenges of semantic interoperability will only increase.
为了促进更广泛的语义互操作性，IBM已经成为各种行业标准的有力支持者。
To prompt broader semantic interoperability, IBM has been a strong supporter for various industry standards.
我们将首先讨论语义谱，然后讨论语义互操作性的模式、反模式和最佳实践。
We will walk through semantic spectrum and discuss the patterns, anti-patterns and best practices of semantic interoperability.
语义互操作性的范围越大，其成果的长远可重用性会越高，但是也更加难以协调和达成一致。
The bigger the circle of semantic interoperability is, the more reusable the result will be in the long run, but also more difficult to coordinate and reach consensus.
有许多处理语义互操作性的行业标准，其中包含了垂直行业和水平行业的数据和数据模型标准。
Many industry standards deal with semantic interoperability, which include data and data model standards for vertical and horizontal industries.
采用和参与行业标准使公司能够利用整个行业的最佳实践，从而减少了语义互操作性的长期成本。
Embracing and participating in industry standards allow individual companies to take advantage of industry-wide best practices and reduce the long-term cost of semantic interoperability.
语义互操作性的范围可能包括各个业务单位、企业以及同一个行业或跨行业的各个企业。
The scope can include the business units, enterprises, and cross-enterprise within the same industry or cross-industry.
除非我们确定了语义互操作性的反模式、模式和最佳实践，否则我们的决策就不能够有效地解决问题。
Unless we identify anti-patterns, patterns and best practices of semantic interoperability, our decisions are not effective to solve problems.
如果没有语义互操作性，服务使用者和提供者可能误解和破坏数据，最终给SOA和业务带来负面影响。
Without semantic interoperability, service consumers and providers could misinterpret and corrupt data, and ultimately bring undesirable effects to a SOA and the business.
语义互操作性表示数据的含义可以明确地被人类和计算机程序理解，而且可以通过有意义的方式来处理该信息。
Semantic interoperability indicates the meaning of data can be comprehended unambiguously by both humans and computer programs, and that information can be processed in a meaningful way.
要想理解语义互操作性，我们首先必须了解其背后的各种技术和方法，这些技术和方法统称为语义谱。
To understand semantic interoperability, we have to first know various technologies and methodologies behind it, which are collectively called the semantic spectrum.
有三种主要的信息集成模式可用于实现语义互操作性：数据联合、数据整合和企业应用集成（EAI）。
There are three major information integration patterns to achieve semantic interoperability: data federation, data consolidation and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI).
企业内部的语义互操作性通过轮辐式拓扑来实现，此轮辐式拓扑减少了冗余，并且降低了点对点集成的维护成本。
Semantic interoperability is achieved within an enterprise via a hub-and-spoke topology, which reduces the redundancy and maintenance cost of point-to-point integration.
注：云计算软件通过着重于无国界、低耦合、模块化和语义互操作性的面向服务来充分利用云计算模式的优势。
Note: Cloud software takes full advantage of the cloud paradigm by being service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.
实现语义互操作性的方法是，将帐单编制应用中的“BALANCE”映射到会计应用中的“REMAINDER”。
Achieving semantic interoperability is to map "BALANCE" in the billing application to "REMAINDER" in the accounting application.
语义互操作性实际只是一个秩序形式，我们将它运用于我们的世界，使我们能够控制混乱，并使普遍存在并不断增加的信息有意义。
Semantic interoperability really is just a form of order that we put around our world so we can control the chaos and make sense out of pervasive and ever-growing information.
语义混乱意味着所有人都定义自己的方案和词汇，而不遵守任何信息标准，也不考虑与系统的其他部分之间的语义互操作性。
Semantic chaos means everybody defines their own schemas and vocabularies, does not follow any information standards, and does not consider semantic interoperability with the rest of the systems.
DIM提倡更高水平的语义互操作性，鼓励资产重用和公平的竞争环境，以便成员花费更少的时间、成本和精力来解决语义互操性问题。
DIMs prompt a greater level of semantic interoperability, encourage asset reuse and level the playing field so members can spend less time, cost and energy to solve semantic interoperability issues.
语义互操作性是SOA中的一个重要体系结构特性，因为它使服务的使用者和提供者能够交换有意义的信息，然后遵照这些信息进行操作。
Semantic interoperability is an important architectural quality in a SOA because it enables service consumers and providers to exchange information that make sense, and which then can be acted upon.
上面的两个模式都提高了语义互操作性和数据质量，可保证数据服务的服务水平协议(Service - Level Agreement,SLA)，而且降低了总体拥有成本(TCO)。
Both patterns improve semantic interoperability and data quality, guarantee the service-level agreements (SLAs) of data services, and reduce total cost of ownership (TCO).
它还定义和利用通用行业语义作为帮助简化异类系统之间的互操作性的语言。
It also defines and leverages common industry semantics as the language for helping to simplify interoperability between disparate systems.
这样可以确保服务执行期间数据在流经架构中各层时语义和结构的互操作性。
This ensures semantic and structural interoperability when the data flows through the architecture layers during service execution.
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