古代近东地区最早的城邦出现在美索不达米亚平原的南端，该地区位于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间，也就是现在的伊拉克境内。
The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq.
公元前3000年，美索不达米亚平原(现在的伊拉克)，不久之后在埃及，然后公元前1500年，在中国。
By 3000 B. C. in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), and then soon after in Egypt, and by 1500 B. C. in China.
现在已知的被公认为世上最古老的地图绘制于公元前3800年，这幅地图描绘的是流经伊拉克北部的美索不达米亚平原的幼发拉底河。
The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3,800 BC, and represents the river Euphrates flowing through northern Mesopotamia, Iraq.
楔形文字是世界上已知最古老的文字。这是一种刻在陶片上的文字，它的使用者是5000多年以前生活在美索不达米亚平原上的人们。
The first true writing we know of is Sumerian cuneiform- consisting mainly of wedge-shaped impressions on clay tablets - whichwas used more than 5000 years ago in Mesopotamia.
楔形文字是世界上已知最古老的文字。这是一种刻在陶片上的文字，它的使用者是5000多年以前生活在美索不达米亚平原上的人们。
The first true writing we know of is Sumerian cuneiform- consisting mainly of wedge-shaped impressions on clay tablets - whichwas used more than 5000 years ago in Mesopotamia.
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