动议针向上的背后，红脚头。
建立了星系际尘埃的针型模型，该模型能很好地解释高红移超新星的星光通过星系际空间时没有产生明显红化效应的原因。
A needle dust as the model of the intergalactic dust is emploied, which is used to explain the reason why the supernova light tracks intergalactic space do not redden obviously.
叶沿茎松散生长或成半莲座型，叶倒披针形，骤尖，3 -6厘米长1 -2，4厘米宽，6-8毫米厚，绿色，叶缘红。
Leaves diffuse along the stem or subrosulate, oblanceolate, cuspidate, 3 – 6 x 1 – 2,4 cm, 6 - 8 mm thick, green, margin red.
叶沿茎松散生长或成半莲座型，叶倒披针形，骤尖，3 -6厘米长1 -2，4厘米宽，6-8毫米厚，绿色，叶缘红。
Leaves diffuse along the stem or subrosulate, oblanceolate, cuspidate, 3 – 6 x 1 – 2,4 cm, 6 - 8 mm thick, green, margin red.
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