钝化表面的直接检测可通过X射线光电子光谱法(XPS)检测来实现，该方法通常用于金属表面发现的元素的氧化状态。

Direct testing for a passive surface can be accomplished by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) testing which is used to measure the oxidation states of elements found on the metal surface.

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钝化表面的直接检测可通过X射线光电子光谱法(XPS)检测来实现，该方法通常用于金属表面发现的元素的氧化状态。

Direct testing for a passive surface can be accomplished by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) testing which is used to measure the oxidation states of elements found on the metal surface.

youdao