毒性作用通过急性全身毒性试验、细胞毒性试验和皮肤斑贴试验检测。

Toxicity testing is checked by acute general toxicity, in vitro cytotoxicity and sticking on skin assay.

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研究设计：对153名学生进行检查和斑贴试验，其中有113名学生有皮肤穿刺史，70名大约10年前有牙齿正畸治疗史。

Study design. We examined and patch tested 153 students, of whom 113 had a history of pierced skin, and 70 a history of orthodontic treatment roughly 10 years earlier. Results.

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研究设计：对153名学生进行检查和斑贴试验，其中有113名学生有皮肤穿刺史，70名大约10年前有牙齿正畸治疗史。

Study design. We examined and patch tested 153 students, of whom 113 had a history of pierced skin, and 70 a history of orthodontic treatment roughly 10 years earlier. Results.

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